Abstract In this paper, we review the challenges and opportunities for foam materials and their composites as novel energy conversion materials. Specifically, foams with an exceptionally high specific surface area could be a perfect solution for advanced energy applications because the electrodes with limited reaction area between an electrolyte and an active material have been identified as one of the key factors affecting the low-level performance of Li-ion batteries, which is a major challenge hindering their commercial application. In the past decade, several electrode materials, structures, and fabrication processes have been developed and investigated with the intention of improving electrode performance. Among these processes, foam architecture is attractive as an electrode structure in Li-ion batteries as it has an intrinsic structural integrity with the ability to buffer stress caused by the large volume changes in high capacity anode materials during cycling. In this review, the electrochemical properties, reversible capacity, long cycle capability, high discharge capacity, battery lifetime, power density, energy efficiency, tensile strength, and mechanical properties of various foam electrode materials are discussed. The foremost objective of this review is to provide an overview on the latest research on improved electrode performance and current perspectives on porous electrode materials for future Li-ion batteries.

中文翻译：

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使用微米级和亚微米级多孔材料改进锂离子电池电极材料——综述

摘要 在本文中，我们回顾了泡沫材料及其复合材料作为新型能量转换材料的挑战和机遇。具体来说，具有极高比表面积的泡沫可能是先进能源应用的完美解决方案，因为电解质和活性材料之间反应面积有限的电极已被确定为影响锂低水平性能的关键因素之一-离子电池，这是阻碍其商业应用的主要挑战。在过去的十年中，为了提高电极性能，已经开发和研究了几种电极材料、结构和制造工艺。在这些过程中，泡沫结构作为锂离子电池中的电极结构很有吸引力，因为它具有固有的结构完整性，能够缓冲循环过程中高容量负极材料的大体积变化引起的应力。在这篇综述中，讨论了各种泡沫电极材料的电化学性能、可逆容量、长循环能力、高放电容量、电池寿命、功率密度、能量效率、拉伸强度和机械性能。本综述的首要目的是概述关于改进电极性能的最新研究以及对未来锂离子电池多孔电极材料的当前前景。讨论了各种泡沫电极材料的电化学性能、可逆容量、长循环能力、高放电容量、电池寿命、功率密度、能量效率、拉伸强度和机械性能。本综述的首要目的是概述关于改进电极性能的最新研究以及对未来锂离子电池多孔电极材料的当前前景。讨论了各种泡沫电极材料的电化学性能、可逆容量、长循环能力、高放电容量、电池寿命、功率密度、能量效率、拉伸强度和机械性能。本综述的首要目的是概述关于改进电极性能的最新研究以及对未来锂离子电池多孔电极材料的当前前景。