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In Quest of the Alanine R3 Radical: Multivariate EPR Spectral Analyses of X-Irradiated Alanine in the Solid State
The Journal of Physical Chemistry A ( IF 2.7 ) Pub Date : 2017-09-19 00:00:00 , DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b06447
Eirik O. Jåstad 1 , Turid Torheim 1 , Kathleen M. Villeneuve 2 , Knut Kvaal 1 , Eli O. Hole 2 , Einar Sagstuen 2 , Eirik Malinen 2, 3 , Cecilia M. Futsaether 1
Affiliation  

The amino acid l-α-alanine is the most commonly used material for solid-state electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) dosimetry, due to the formation of highly stable radicals upon irradiation, with yields proportional to the radiation dose. Two major alanine radical components designated R1 and R2 have previously been uniquely characterized from EPR and electron–nuclear double resonance (ENDOR) studies as well as from quantum chemical calculations. There is also convincing experimental evidence of a third minor radical component R3, and a tentative radical structure has been suggested, even though no well-defined spectral signature has been observed experimentally. In the present study, temperature dependent EPR spectra of X-ray irradiated polycrystalline alanine were analyzed using five multivariate methods in further attempts to understand the composite nature of the alanine dosimeter EPR spectrum. Principal component analysis (PCA), maximum likelihood common factor analysis (MLCFA), independent component analysis (ICA), self-modeling mixture analysis (SMA), and multivariate curve resolution (MCR) were used to extract pure radical spectra and their fractional contributions from the experimental EPR spectra. All methods yielded spectral estimates resembling the established R1 spectrum. Furthermore, SMA and MCR consistently predicted both the established R2 spectrum and the shape of the R3 spectrum. The predicted shape of the R3 spectrum corresponded well with the proposed tentative spectrum derived from spectrum simulations. Thus, results from two independent multivariate data analysis techniques strongly support the previous evidence that three radicals are indeed present in irradiated alanine samples.

中文翻译:

寻求丙氨酸R3自由基:固态X射线辐照的丙氨酸的多元EPR光谱分析

氨基酸1 -α-丙氨酸是固态电子顺磁共振(EPR)剂量测定法中最常用的材料,因为在辐照时会形成高度稳定的自由基,其收率与辐射剂量成正比。先前通过EPR和电子核双共振(ENDOR)研究以及通过量子化学计算,已对两个主要的丙氨酸主要成分R1R2进行了独特的表征。也有令人信服的实验证据表明,第三个次要基团成分R3,并且即使在实验上未观察到明确的光谱特征,也提出了一种暂定的自由基结构。在本研究中,使用五种多元方法分析了X射线辐照的多晶丙氨酸的温度依赖性EPR光谱,以进一步尝试了解丙氨酸剂量计EPR光谱的复合性质。主成分分析(PCA),最大似然公共因子分析(MLCFA),独立成分分析(ICA),自建模混合分析(SMA)和多变量曲线分辨率(MCR)用于提取纯自由基光谱及其分数贡献从实验性EPR光谱中得出。所有方法产生的光谱估计值都类似于已建立的R1光谱。此外,SMA和MCR一致地预测了已建立的R2光谱和R3光谱的形状。R3光谱的预测形状与从光谱模拟得出的拟议光谱非常吻合。因此,来自两种独立的多元数据分析技术的结果有力地支持了先前的证据,即辐照的丙氨酸样品中确实存在三个自由基。
更新日期:2017-09-19
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