Aspergillus fumigatus is an environmental filamentous fungus that can cause life-threatening disease in immunocompromised individuals. The interactions between A. fumigatus and the host environment are dynamic and complex. The host immune system needs to recognize the distinct morphological forms of A. fumigatus to control fungal growth and prevent tissue invasion, whereas the fungus requires nutrients and needs to adapt to the hostile environment by escaping immune recognition and counteracting host responses. Understanding these highly dynamic interactions is necessary to fully understand the pathogenesis of aspergillosis and to facilitate the design of new therapeutics to overcome the morbidity and mortality caused by A. fumigatus. In this Review, we describe how A. fumigatus adapts to environmental change, the mechanisms of host defence, and our current knowledge of the interplay between the host immune response and the fungus.

烟曲霉是一种环境丝状真菌，可在免疫受损的个体中引起危及生命的疾病。烟曲霉与宿主环境之间的相互作用是动态而复杂的。宿主免疫系统需要识别烟曲霉的不同形态，以控制真菌的生长并防止组织入侵，而真菌则需要营养，并且需要通过逃避免疫识别和抵消宿主反应来适应恶劣的环境。了解这些高度动态的相互作用对于充分理解曲霉病的发病机理和促进新药物的设计以克服烟曲霉引起的发病率和死亡率是必不可少的。。在这篇综述中，我们描述了烟曲霉如何适应环境变化，宿主防御的机制以及我们对宿主免疫反应与真菌之间相互作用的当前知识。