Patients who are hospitalized with suspected or confirmed influenza should be placed in isolation with droplet precautions, and providers should wear N95 masks (or an equivalent) when aerosol-generating procedures are performed.

Patients who are hospitalized with suspected influenza should be tested with a molecular influenza assay, such as the reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay. Molecular assays are more sensitive than antigen detection assays.

Despite the lack of evidence in hospitalized patients, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends the use of neuraminidase inhibitors (e.g., oseltamivir and peramivir) in all hospitalized patients suspected of influenza infection. Although these medications are most effective when started early, late initiation (after 48 hours) may still provide some benefit.

Bacterial co-infection (e.g., pneumonia with Pneumococcus, Staphylococcus aureus, or group A Streptococcus) should be considered in patients who present with severe disease, do not improve, worsen, or have acute onset of high fever and malaise after a period of initial improvement.

Nucleic acid amplification tests are the most sensitive of the rapid tests for influenza, followed by digital immunoassays. Rapid influenza diagnostic tests will likely be phased out soon, given their poor sensitivities.

63.4% of patients who misused opioids reported that their motivation was to relieve physical pain, prompting the authors to call for the development of better nonopioid strategies for the management of chronic pain.

Among patients who misuse prescription opioids, 40.8% obtained medications from friends or relatives, suggesting the need for more restrictive prescribing practices. Excessive prescribing may lead to sharing or diversion of these medications.

An editorial discusses how unemployment and a lack of health insurance might exacerbate opioid misuse by limiting access to evidence-based chronic pain management.

患有可疑或已确诊流感的住院患者应采取防液滴措施隔离放置，并且在进行气雾生成程序时，医护人员应戴N95口罩（或等效的口罩）。

住院怀疑可疑流感的患者应使用分子流感检测方法进行检测，例如逆转录酶聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）检测方法。分子测定比抗原检测测定更灵敏。

尽管住院患者缺乏证据，但疾病控制和预防中心建议在所有怀疑感染流感的住院患者中使用神经氨酸酶抑制剂（例如奥司他韦和帕拉米韦）。尽管这些药物在早期开始使用时最有效，但延迟开始（48小时后）仍可能会带来一些好处。

在初诊后出现严重疾病，没有改善，恶化或急性发高烧和不适的患者中，应考虑细菌共感染（例如肺炎和肺炎球菌，金黄色葡萄球菌或A组链球菌）改进。

核酸扩增检测是快速检测流感最敏感的方法，其次是数字免疫检测。鉴于其敏感性差，快速流感诊断测试可能会很快被淘汰。

63.4％的滥用阿片类药物的患者报告说，他们的动机是减轻身体疼痛，促使作者呼吁开发更好的非阿片类药物策略来治疗慢性疼痛。

在滥用处方阿片类药物的患者中，有40.8％的人从亲戚或朋友那里获得药物治疗，这表明需要采取更加严格的处方做法。处方过多可能会导致这些药物的共享或转移。

一篇社论讨论了失业和缺乏医疗保险如何通过限制获得基于证据的慢性疼痛管理方法而加剧阿片类药物滥用的情况。