Abstract A novel carbon structure is synthesised during the interaction of solid organic precursors as d -glucose with a molten metallic zinc catalyst under a layer of molten alkali chlorides at air atmosphere. Scanning electronic microscopy studies show that the formed pure carbon film is non-isomorphic and smooth on one side, but highly evolved, with square steps, on the other. The Raman spectrum of the smooth side resembles that of multilayer graphene. The Raman spectrum of the developed side shows a typical sharp and narrow diamond peak at 1332 cm − 1 along with graphene peaks. XPS data show that the most of the carbon atoms are at diamond sites. According to the results of an Auger spectroscopy investigation, obtained carbon film is composed of carbon atoms of sp 2 and sp 3 hybridisation in a ratio of 1:1. From the average graphene cluster size of 5 nm and average diamond crystal diameter of 2–7 nm, it may be concluded that the formation of graphene-nanodiamond films in this system is thermodynamically possible at this temperature range without application of increased pressure. Chemically induced transition to the nanodiamond structure occurs in graphene layers due to presence of large quantities of atomic hydrogen in the molten salt media.

中文翻译：

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独立的、高层次结构的石墨烯-纳米金刚石薄膜的合成和表征

摘要 在空气气氛中，在一层熔融碱金属氯化物下，固体有机前体如 d-葡萄糖与熔融金属锌催化剂相互作用，合成了一种新型碳结构。扫描电子显微镜研究表明，形成的纯碳薄膜一方面是非同构的，光滑的，另一方面是高度进化的，具有方形台阶。光滑面的拉曼光谱类似于多层石墨烯的拉曼光谱。显影侧的拉曼光谱在 1332 cm - 1 处显示了一个典型的尖锐和狭窄的金刚石峰以及石墨烯峰。XPS 数据显示，大多数碳原子位于钻石位置。根据俄歇光谱研究的结果，获得的碳膜由sp 2 和sp 3 杂化的碳原子以1:1的比例组成。从 5 nm 的平均石墨烯簇尺寸和 2-7 nm 的平均金刚石晶体直径可以得出结论，在该系统中石墨烯-纳米金刚石薄膜的形成在该温度范围内在热力学上是可能的，而无需施加增加的压力。由于熔盐介质中存在大量原子氢，因此在石墨烯层中发生向纳米金刚石结构的化学诱导转变。