Water monitoring technologies are widely used for contaminants detection in wide variety of water ecology applications such as water treatment plant and water distribution system. A tremendous amount of research has been conducted over the past decades to develop robust and efficient techniques of contaminants detection with minimum operating cost and energy. Recent developments in spectroscopic techniques and biosensor approach have improved the detection sensitivities, quantitatively and qualitatively. The availability of in-situ measurements and multiple detection analyses has expanded the water monitoring applications in various advanced techniques including successful establishment in hand-held sensing devices which improves portability in real-time basis for the detection of contaminant, such as microorganisms, pesticides, heavy metal ions, inorganic and organic components. This paper intends to review the developments in water quality monitoring technologies for the detection of biological and chemical contaminants in accordance with instrumental limitations. Particularly, this review focuses on the most recently developed techniques for water contaminant detection applications. Several recommendations and prospective views on the developments in water quality assessments will also be included.

中文翻译：

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供水中污染物的检测：对最先进监测技术及其应用的回顾。

水监测技术广泛用于各种水生态应用中的污染物检测，例如水处理厂和配水系统。在过去的几十年里，人们进行了大量的研究，以开发稳健、高效的污染物检测技术，并以最低的运营成本和能源进行检测。光谱技术和生物传感器方法的最新发展在定量和定性上提高了检测灵敏度。原位测量和多重检测分析的可用性扩大了水监测在各种先进技术中的应用，包括成功建立手持式传感设备，提高了污染物实时检测的便携性，例如微生物、农药、重金属离子、无机和有机成分。本文旨在根据仪器的局限性，综述用于检测生物和化学污染物的水质监测技术的发展。特别是，本次综述重点关注最新开发的水污染物检测应用技术。还将包括关于水质评估发展的一些建议和前瞻性观点。