Abstract Currently, graphene and its derivatives, used for surface modification of orthopedic and dental implants, are mainly in the form of two-dimensional planar structure. There is little information of three dimensional porous graphene nanosheets used as coating materials of titanium and its alloys. In the present study, three dimensional porous graphene nanosheets were first synthesized on the pure titanium surface. The physicochemical properties and osteogenic activity of the three dimensional porous graphene nanosheets-modified titanium (rGO@Ti) were systematically investigated. The results suggested that rGO@Ti showed super hydrophilicity, rough surface and excellent biocompatibility, and could enhance alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, extracellular matrix (ECM) mineralization and collagen secretion of rat bone mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSCs). Meanwhile, the expressions of osteogenesis related genes containing ALP, bone morphogenic protein-2 (BMP-2), osteocalcin (OCN), and osteopontin (OPN) on rGO@Ti were improved. The osteogenic differentiation of rBMSCs on rGO@Ti may be ascribed to both its superior protein adsorption ability and physical stimulation induced by the unique structure of three dimensional porous graphene nanosheets.

中文翻译：

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在钛表面合成的三维多孔石墨烯纳米片用于大鼠骨间充质干细胞的成骨分化

摘要 目前，用于骨科和牙种植体表面改性的石墨烯及其衍生物主要以二维平面结构形式存在。三维多孔石墨烯纳米片用作钛及其合金涂层材料的资料很少。在本研究中，三维多孔石墨烯纳米片首先在纯钛表面合成。系统地研究了三维多孔石墨烯纳米片改性钛（rGO@Ti）的理化性质和成骨活性。结果表明rGO@Ti表现出超亲水性、粗糙表面和优异的生物相容性，并能增强碱性磷酸酶（ALP）活性，大鼠骨间充质干细胞 (rBMSCs) 的细胞外基质 (ECM) 矿化和胶原蛋白分泌。同时，含有ALP、骨形态发生蛋白-2（BMP-2）、骨钙素（OCN）和骨桥蛋白（OPN）的成骨相关基因在rGO@Ti上的表达得到改善。rBMSCs 在 rGO@Ti 上的成骨分化可能归因于其优异的蛋白质吸附能力和由三维多孔石墨烯纳米片的独特结构诱导的物理刺激。