Cancer remains the second leading cause of death in the United States, with an estimated 600 920 cancer deaths in 2017 (1). In this issue of the Journal, the American Cancer Society, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the National Cancer Institute (NCI), and the North American Association of Central Cancer Registries deliver their annual update on US cancer incidence and mortality trends (2). The report shows that during 1999 to 2013, cancer rates continued to decrease in men and remained stable in women. In contrast, mortality rates statistically significantly decreased in men and women (1.8% and 1.4% per year, respectively). Cancer site–specific statistics showed few exceptions. While these results are encouraging overall, they raise critical questions: Why do we see rate increases in some cancers? How can we decrease cancer mortality more rapidly? Can we address mortality risk factors within the current standard of care more effectively? Will the surge in new targeted anticancer therapeutics translate to a peak drop in cancer mortality soon?

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社论：美国癌症生存统计：成就，挑战和未来方向

癌症仍然是美国的第二大死亡原因，2017年估计有600920例癌症死亡（1）。在本期杂志上，美国癌症协会，疾病控制与预防中心，美国国家癌症研究所（NCI）和北美中央癌症登记机构协会发布了有关美国癌症发病率和死亡率趋势的年度最新报告（2 ）。该报告显示，在1999年至2013年期间，男性的癌症发病率持续下降，女性则保持稳定。相反，男性和女性的死亡率在统计学上显着降低（分别为每年1.8％和1.4％）。特定于癌症部位的统计数据几乎没有例外。这些结果总体上令人鼓舞，但提出了关键问题：为什么我们看到某些癌症的发病率增加？我们如何更快地降低癌症死亡率？我们能否在当前的护理标准范围内更有效地解决死亡率风险因素？新的靶向抗癌治疗药物的激增是否会很快使癌症死亡率下降高峰？