Gene expression during mitosis During mitosis, long-range interactions within chromosomes are lost, and many enhancers become inactive. It is generally thought that gene expression is silent at this time. However, transcription must be reactivated when cells reenter the cell cycle in order to maintain cell identity. Palozola et al. used a sensitive nascent RNA labeling and sequencing method to reveal low-level transcription of many genes in mitosis. Upon mitotic exit, the amplitude of gene expression was reestablished with basic cell functions prioritized over cell-specific genes. Thus, transcription itself may retain gene expression patterns through mitosis. Science, this issue p. 119 Many genes are transcribed in mitosis, and basic cell functions are prioritized over differentiation during mitotic exit. Although the genome is generally thought to be transcriptionally silent during mitosis, technical limitations have prevented sensitive mapping of transcription during mitosis and mitotic exit. Thus, the means by which the interphase expression pattern is transduced to daughter cells have been unclear. We used 5-ethynyluridine to pulse-label transcripts during mitosis and mitotic exit and found that many genes exhibit transcription during mitosis, as confirmed with fluorescein isothiocyanate–uridine 5′-triphosphate labeling, RNA fluorescence in situ hybridization, and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. The first round of transcription immediately after mitosis primarily activates genes involved in the growth and rebuilding of daughter cells, rather than cell type–specific functions. We propose that the cell’s transcription pattern is largely retained at a low level through mitosis, whereas the amplitude of transcription observed in interphase is reestablished during mitotic exit.

中文翻译：

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有丝分裂退出过程中的有丝分裂转录和基因再激活波

有丝分裂期间的基因表达 在有丝分裂期间，染色体内的长程相互作用丢失，许多增强子变得不活跃。一般认为此时基因表达是沉默的。然而，当细胞重新进入细胞周期时，转录必须重新激活以保持细胞身份。帕洛佐拉等人。使用敏感的新生 RNA 标记和测序方法来揭示有丝分裂中许多基因的低水平转录。有丝分裂退出后，基因表达的幅度重新建立，基本细胞功能优先于细胞特异性基因。因此，转录本身可能通过有丝分裂保留基因表达模式。科学，这个问题 p。119 许多基因在有丝分裂中转录，在有丝分裂退出期间，基本细胞功能优先于分化。尽管通常认为基因组在有丝分裂过程中转录沉默，但技术限制阻止了有丝分裂和有丝分裂退出过程中转录的敏感定位。因此，将间期表达模式转导到子细胞的方式尚不清楚。我们在有丝分裂和有丝分裂退出过程中使用 5-乙炔尿苷对转录物进行脉冲标记，发现许多基因在有丝分裂过程中表现出转录，如异硫氰酸荧光素-尿苷 5'-三磷酸标记、RNA 荧光原位杂交和定量逆转录聚合酶链所证实反应。有丝分裂后的第一轮转录主要激活参与子细胞生长和重建的基因，而不是细胞类型特异性功能。