Methodology for quantifying engineered nanomaterial release from diverse product matrices under outdoor weathering conditions and implications for life cycle assessment,Environmental Science: Nano

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Methodology for quantifying engineered nanomaterial release from diverse product matrices under outdoor weathering conditions and implications for life cycle assessment
Environmental Science: Nano ( IF 5.8 ) Pub Date : 2017-07-26 00:00:00 , DOI: 10.1039/c7en00410a
Ronald S. Lankone _{1,

2,

3,

4} , Katie E. Challis _{4,

5,

6,

7} , Yuqiang Bi _{4,

8,

9,

10} , David Hanigan _{4,

8,

9,

10,

11} , Robert B. Reed _{4,

5,

6,

7,

8} , Tatiana Zaikova _{4,

12,

13,

14} , James E. Hutchison _{4,

12,

13,

14} , Paul Westerhoff _{4,

8,

9,

10} , James Ranville _{4,

5,

6,

7} , Howard Fairbrother _{1,

2,

3,

4} , Leanne M. Gilbertson _{4,

11,

15,

16}

Affiliation

Department of Chemistry
Johns Hopkins University
Baltimore
USA
Department of Chemistry and Geochemistry
Colorado School of Mines
Golden
School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment
Arizona State University
Tempe
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
University of Oregon
Eugene
University of Pittsburgh
Pittsburgh

Accurate measurement of engineered nanomaterial (ENM) release from diverse product lines and matrices during use is critical to evaluating environmental impacts across the life cycle of a nano-enabled product. While indoor accelerated weathering and a handful of outdoor weathering case studies exist, there has not been a standard methodology applied to characterize ENM release during outdoor weathering suitable for simultaneous use in multiple geographic locations. Such an approach has been established and is presented herein, to quantify ENM release and product transformations with the additional goal of improving life cycle assessments (LCA) of nano-enabled products. A team of experimentalists and life cycle practitioners engaged in the development of the methodology to ensure the data collected is useful to inform improved LCA and environmental impact characterization. While the method was developed to be broadly applicable, the examples included here are representative polymer nanocomposite (PNC) platforms, including multiple ENMs (i.e., nano-silver and carbon nanotubes) within different polymer matrices (i.e., polystyrene, poly(methyl methacrylate), and polycaprolactone). This unique methodology enables the study of ENM release under real climate conditions (i.e., composites are weathered outside) that coordinates: (i) multiple locations with distinct climates, (ii) the application of appropriate techniques to quantify ENM release at low (μg) released masses, (iii) tracking changes in efficacy as a function of weathering, and (iv) acquiring data to inform life cycle assessment. Initial findings (following one year of weathering polymer matrices) are included to demonstrate the type of data acquired and utility of the analysis enabled by this method.

中文翻译：

量化室外风化条件下多种产品基质中工程纳米材料释放的方法学及其对生命周期评估的意义

在使用过程中，准确测量各种产品线和基质中工程纳米材料（ENM）的释放量，对于评估纳米产品整个生命周期中的环境影响至关重要。尽管存在室内加速风化和少数户外风化案例研究，但尚没有适用于同时在多个地理位置同时使用的表征室外风化过程中ENM释放的标准方法。已经建立并在本文中提出了这种方法，以量化ENM释放和产品转化，其附加目标是改善纳米使能产品的生命周期评估（LCA）。由实验人员和生命周期实践者组成的团队，致力于方法的开发，以确保收集到的数据对改进LCA和环境影响特征描述有用。尽管该方法被开发为可广泛应用，但此处包括的示例是具有代表性的聚合物纳米复合材料（PNC）平台，包括多个ENM（即，纳米银和碳纳米管）不同的聚合物基质（内即，聚苯乙烯，聚（甲基丙烯酸甲酯）和聚己内酯）。这种独特的方法能够研究在以下条件下的真实气候条件下的ENM释放情况（即，复合材料在室外风化）：（i）具有不同气候的多个位置，（ii）应用适当的技术来量化低（μg）的ENM释放释放的质量，（iii）跟踪功效随风化的变化，以及（iv）获取数据以告知生命周期评估。包括最初的发现（在风化的聚合物基质中进行了为期一年）以证明所获取的数据类型以及通过该方法实现的分析的实用性。

更新日期：2017-09-14

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