A practical quantum computer must not merely store information, but also process it. To prevent errors introduced by noise from multiplying and spreading, a fault-tolerant computational architecture is required. Current experiments are taking the first steps toward noise-resilient logical qubits. But to convert these quantum devices from memories to processors, it is necessary to specify how a universal set of gates is performed on them. The leading proposals for doing so, such as magic-state distillation and colour-code techniques, have high resource demands. Alternative schemes, such as those that use high-dimensional quantum codes in a modular architecture, have potential benefits, but need to be explored further.

中文翻译：

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通向容错通用量子计算的道路

实用的量子计算机不仅要存储信息，还要处理信息。为了防止噪声引入的错误相乘和传播，需要一种容错计算架构。当前的实验正在朝着抗噪声逻辑量子位迈出第一步。但是要将这些量子设备从存储器转换为处理器，有必要指定如何在它们上执行一组通用的门。这样做的主要建议，例如魔术状态蒸馏和颜色代码技术，具有很高的资源需求。替代方案，例如在模块化架构中使用高维量子代码的方案，具有潜在的好处，但需要进一步探索。