A two-fluid model based on the kinetic theory of granular flow for the rapid-flow regime and the Coulomb friction law for the quasi-static regime is applied to predict the hydrodynamics of dense gas–particle flow in a three-dimensional fluidized bed. Two different models for the particle stress tensor that use different constitutive equations in the elastic-inertial regime are examined to assess their ability to predict bed dynamics. To understand how particle stress models affect structural features of the flow, a quantitative analysis is performed on some important aspects of the mechanics of bubbling beds that have received relatively little attention in the literature. Accordingly, different flow regimes are identified in the context of fluidized beds through the dimensionless inertial number, and the main characteristics of each regime are discussed. In addition, how the particle stress tensor manifests itself in the bubble characteristics, natural frequency of the bed, and particle Reynolds stress are investigated, all of which help to better understand the complex dynamics of the fluidized bed. The numerical results are validated against published experimental data and demonstrate the significant role of the stress tensor in the elastic-inertial regime.

基于颗粒流动力学理论的快速流态和库仑摩擦定律（准静态）的双流体模型，用于预测三维流化床中稠密气体-颗粒流的流体动力学。研究了在弹性惯性区域中使用不同本构方程的两种不同的颗粒应力张量模型，以评估其预测床层动力学的能力。为了了解颗粒应力模型如何影响流的结构特征，对鼓泡床力学的一些重要方面进行了定量分析，而这些方面在文献中很少受到关注。因此，在流化床中，通过无因次惯性数可以确定不同的流态，并讨论了每种制度的主要特征。此外，还研究了颗粒应力张量如何在气泡特性，床的固有频率和颗粒雷诺应力中表现出来，所有这些都有助于更好地理解流化床的复杂动力学。数值结果已针对已发表的实验数据进行了验证，并证明了应力张量在弹性惯性体系中的重要作用。