The emergence of A(H7N9) virus strains with resistance to neuraminidase (NA) inhibitors highlights a critical need to discover new countermeasures for treatment of A(H7N9) virus-infected patients. We previously described an anti-NA mAb (3c10-3) that has prophylactic and therapeutic efficacy in mice lethally challenged with A(H7N9) virus when delivered intraperitoneally (i.p.). Here we show that intrananasal (i.n.) administration of 3c10-3 protects 100% of mice from mortality when treated 24 h post-challenge and further characterize the protective efficacy of 3c10-3 using a nonlethal A(H7N9) challenge model. Administration of 3c10-3 i.p. 24 h prior to challenge resulted in a significant decrease in viral lung titers and deep sequencing analysis indicated that treatment did not consistently select for viral variants in NA. Furthermore, prophylactic administration of 3c10-3 did not inhibit the development of protective immunity to subsequent homologous virus re-challenge. Taken together, 3c10-3 highlights the potential use of anti-NA mAb to mitigate influenza virus infection.

对神经氨酸酶（NA）抑制剂有抗药性的A（H7N9）病毒株的出现突出表明，迫切需要发现治疗A（H7N9）病毒感染患者的新对策。我们先前描述了一种抗NA mAb（3c10-3），在腹膜内（ip）递送时，在致命感染A（H7N9）病毒的小鼠中具有预防和治疗功效。在这里，我们显示经鼻内给药3c10-3（在攻击后24小时进行治疗）可保护100％的小鼠免于死亡，并使用非致命性A（H7N9）攻击模型进一步表征3c10-3的保护功效。攻击前24 h腹膜内3c1​​0-3 ip给药导致病毒肺滴度显着降低，深度测序分析表明治疗并不能始终如一地选择NA中的病毒变体。此外，预防性给予3c10-3不会抑制对随后的同源病毒再次攻击的保护性免疫的发展。综上所述，3c10-3强调了抗NA mAb缓解流感病毒感染的潜在用途。