Two wrecks related to the Battle of Trafalgar (1805) were studied. Following the guidelines of the UNESCO-2001 Convention for the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage, a holistic and interdisciplinary approach based on the development of four of the thirty-six Rules of this international agreement was applied. A non-destructive survey technique was developed to obtain information from the scattered cannons and anchors without altering their condition (Rule 4). The work performed provided information about the origin of both wrecks, the Fougueux and the Bucentaure, two ships of the line of the French Navy, and allowed to characterize the state of conservation at each site without jeopardizing their future conservation in the marine environment. In addition, measurements of the main physical, chemical and biological variables allowed correlating the conservation status at each site with the marine environmental conditions (Rule 15). Thus, in Fougueux shipwreck large iron objects are corroding at a higher rate (between 0.180 and 0.246 mmpy) due to high sediment remobilization and transport induced by waves at this site, causing damage by direct mechanical effect on metallic material and by removing the layer of corrosion products developed on the artefacts. Meanwhile artillery on Bucentaure site, covered with thick layers of biological concretion, is well preserved, with lower corrosion rates (0.073 to 0.126 mmpy), and archaeological information is guaranteed. Finally, the effectiveness of the cathodic protection as a temporary measure for in situ conservation (Rule 1) was evaluated on a cannon. The use of a sacrificial anode after 9 months reduced the average corrosion rate (from 0.103 to 0.064 mmpy) and the percent of corrosion rate in 37.9%. These results are very useful for developing a decision making system of the Site Management Program, based on predictive models of artefacts permanence and risk factors in the marine environment (Rule 25).

中文翻译：

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研究物理，化学和生物条件对水下文化遗产的恶化和保护的影响

研究了两个与特拉法加战役（1805）有关的沉船。按照教科文组织2001年《保护水下文化遗产公约》的指导方针，在制定本国际协定三十六条规则中的四条的基础上，采用了一种整体的，跨学科的方法。开发了一种无损调查技术，以从分散的大炮和锚中获取信息，而不会改变其状况（规则4）。这项工作进行约两个沉船的起源提供的信息Fougueux和Bucentaure，是法国海军的两艘船，允许在每个地点描述保护状态的特征，而又不损害其未来在海洋环境中的保护。此外，通过对主要物理，化学和生物学变量的测量，可以将每个站点的保护状况与海洋环境条件相关联（规则15）。因此，在福格海难沉船中，由于该地点波浪引起的高沉积物迁移和迁移，导致较大的铁物体以较高的速率（在0.180至0.246 mmpy之间）被腐蚀，这是由于对金属材料的直接机械作用以及通过去除金属层而造成的损坏。人工制品上产生的腐蚀产物。同时，炮塔上的比森泰尔（Bucentaure）覆盖着厚厚的生物固结层的遗址保存完好，腐蚀速率较低（0.073至0.126 mmpy），并保证了考古信息。最后，在大炮上评估了阴极保护作为就地保护的临时措施的有效性（规则1）。9个月后使用牺牲阳极可降低平均腐蚀速率（从0.103到0.064 mmpy），腐蚀速率百分比降低37.9％。这些结果对于基于海洋环境中的文物持久性和风险因素的预测模型，开发站点管理计划的决策系统非常有用（规则25）。