The electrochemical oxidation of Sotalol (SOT) based on Tetrazolium Blue (TB)/gold nanoparticles (GNPs)-modified carbon paste electrodes (CPE) have been studied in the presence of sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS). Cyclic voltammetry (CV), differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), chronoamperometry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques have all been utilized within this study. GNPs and TB have a synergetic effect-giving rise to highly improved electrochemical responses and provide an advantageous platform for the basis of an electrochemical sensor with excellent performance. The experimental parameters, electrodeposition time, pH and scan rate have all been examined and optimized. The sensing of SOT via DPV is found to exhibit a wide linear dynamic range of 1.0×10−7–7.5×10−4 M in pH 2. LOD and LOQ were calculated and found to correspond to 2.5×10−8 M and 8.3×10−8 M, respectively. The suggested sensor has been used successfully for SOT determination in pharmaceutical samples and human urine as real samples. Satisfactory recoveries of analyte from these samples are demonstrated indicating that the suggested sensor is highly suitable for clinical analysis, quality control and a routine determination of SOT in pharmaceutical formulations.

中文翻译：

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将四氮唑蓝 (TB)/金纳米颗粒 (GNP) 加入碳糊电极：用作电化学传感器，用于灵敏和选择性测定索他洛尔胶束介质

在十二烷基硫酸钠 (SLS) 存在下研究了基于四唑蓝 (TB)/金纳米粒子 (GNP) 修饰的碳糊电极 (CPE) 的索他洛尔 (SOT) 的电化学氧化。本研究中使用了循环伏安法 (CV)、差分脉冲伏安法 (DPV)、计时电流法和电化学阻抗谱 (EIS) 技术。GNP 和 TB 具有协同效应，可产生高度改善的电化学响应，并为具有优异性能的电化学传感器的基础提供有利平台。实验参数、电沉积时间、pH 值和扫描速率都经过检查和优化。发现通过 DPV 感测 SOT 在 pH 2 中表现出 1.0×10−7–7.5×10−4 M 的宽线性动态范围。计算出 LOD 和 LOQ，发现分别对应于 2.5×10-8 M 和 8.3×10-8 M。建议的传感器已成功用于药物样品和人体尿液中的 SOT 测定作为真实样品。这些样品的分析物回收率令人满意，表明所建议的传感器非常适用于临床分析、质量控制和药物制剂中 SOT 的常规测定。