The properties of an electron in an atom or molecule are not fixed; rather they are a function of the optical environment of the emitter. Not only is the spontaneous emission a function of the optical environment, but also the underlying wave functions and energy levels, which are modified by the potential induced by quantum fluctuations of the electromagnetic field. In free space, this modification of atomic levels and wave functions is very weak and generally hard to observe due to the prevalence of other perturbations like fine structure. Here, we explore the possibility of highly tailorable electronic structure by exploiting large Lamb shifts in tunable electromagnetic environments such as graphene, whose optical properties are dynamically controlled via doping. The Fermi energy can be chosen so that the Lamb shift is very weak, but it can also be chosen so that the shifts become more prominent than the fine structure of the atom and even potentially the Coulomb interaction with the nucleus. Potential implications of this idea include being able to electronically shift an unfavorable emitter structure into a favorable one, a new approach to probe near-field physics in fluorescence, and a way to access regimes of physics where vacuum fluctuations are not a weak perturbation but rather the dominant physics.

中文翻译：

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通过共振石墨烯诱导的羔羊位移构建“设计原子”

原子或分子中电子的性质不固定；而是取决于发射器的光学环境。自发发射不仅是光学环境的函数，而且是潜在的波函数和能级，它们由电磁场的量子涨落引起的电势来修改。在自由空间中，由于其他扰动（如精细结构）的普遍存在，原子能级和波函数的这种修改非常微弱，并且通常很难观察到。在这里，我们通过利用可调谐电磁环境（例如石墨烯）中的大Lamb位移来探索高度可定制的电子结构的可能性，该电磁环境的光学特性是通过掺杂来动态控制的。可以选择费米能量，以使兰姆变换非常微弱，但是也可以选择使位移比原子的精细结构更显着，甚至可能与原子核发生库仑相互作用。这个想法的潜在含义包括能够将不利的发射器结构电子化为良好的发射器结构，在荧光中探测近场物理的新方法，以及在真空波动不是弱微扰动而是进入物理状态的物理方法的一种方法。占主导地位的物理学。