Abstract Low modulus Ti-45Nb is a promising new alloy for bone implant applications owing to its excellent biocompatibility combined with bone-adapted mechanical performance. The present work demonstrates the applicability of powder metallurgical processing, i.e. hot pressing (HP) and spark plasma sintering (SPS), for the compaction of gas-atomized alloy powder under preservation of the main β-phase. Additional milling of the gas-atomized powder leads to irregular shapes and is effective for a significant refinement of the β-phase grains but causes increased oxygen contents. The yield strength of nearly fully dense samples increased from ≈ 450 MPa for samples made from gas-atomized to ≈ 900 MPa for samples made from additionally milled powder while the Young's modulus remains low. Exemplarily, the production of macro-porous Ti-45Nb samples with 30% porosity by means of hot pressing with NaCl as space holder is demonstrated. At this porosity level Young's modulus values ≤ 5 GPa can be obtained. Also for macro-porous samples the use of additionally milled powder was beneficial for achieving increased strength values of ≈ 140 MPa. Mechanical performance data comparable to those of healthy spongy bone are obtained.

中文翻译：

---

将低模量 β 型 Ti-45Nb 粉末冶金加工成块状和大孔压块

摘要 低模量 Ti-45Nb 具有优异的生物相容性和适应骨的机械性能，是一种用于骨植入应用的有前途的新型合金。目前的工作证明了粉末冶金加工的适用性，即热压 (HP) 和放电等离子烧结 (SPS)，用于在保留主要 β 相的情况下压实气体雾化合金粉末。气体雾化粉末的额外研磨会导致不规则形状，并且对于显着细化 β 相晶粒是有效的，但会导致氧含量增加。几乎完全致密的样品的屈服强度从气体雾化制成的样品的 ≈ 450 MPa 增加到额外研磨粉末制成的样品的 ≈ 900 MPa，同时杨氏模量保持低。例如，展示了通过以 NaCl 作为空间支架的热压生产具有 30% 孔隙率的大孔 Ti-45Nb 样品。在此孔隙率水平下，可以获得≤ 5 GPa 的杨氏模量值。同样对于大孔样品，使用额外研磨的粉末有利于实现 ≈ 140 MPa 的增加强度值。获得了与健康海绵骨相当的机械性能数据。