The role of lipids in cell, tissue, and organ physiology is crucial; as many diseases, including cancer, diabetes, neurodegenerative, and infectious diseases, are closely related to absorption and metabolism of lipids. Mass spectrometry (MS) based methods are the most developed powerful tools to study the synthetic pathways and metabolic networks of cellular lipids in biological systems; leading to the birth of an emerging subject lipidomics, which has been extensively reviewed. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), another powerful analytical tool, which allows the visualization of single atoms and molecules, is receiving increasing attention in lipidomics analyses. However, very little work focusing on lipidomic studies using NMR has been critically reviewed. This paper presents a first comprehensive summary of application of ¹H, ¹³C & ³¹P NMR in lipids and lipidomics analyses. The scientific basis, principles and characteristic diagnostic peaks assigned to specific atoms/molecular structures of lipids are presented. Applications of 2D NMR in mapping and monitoring of the components and their changes in complex lipids systems, as well as alteration of lipid profiling over disease development are also reviewed. The applications of NMR lipidomics in diseases diagnosis and food adulteration are exemplified.

脂质在细胞，组织和器官生理中的作用至关重要。因为许多疾病，包括癌症，糖尿病，神经退行性疾病和传染性疾病，都与脂质的吸收和代谢密切相关。基于质谱（MS）的方法是研究生物系统中细胞脂质的合成途径和代谢网络的最先进的强大工具。导致出现了新兴的脂质组学，该组学已被广泛审查。核磁共振（NMR）是另一个强大的分析工具，它可以可视化单个原子和分子，在脂质组学分析中受到越来越多的关注。然而，很少有研究集中在使用NMR进行脂质组学研究上。本文提出了第一个全面的总结应用。脂质和脂质组学分析中的¹ H，¹³ C和³¹ P NMR。介绍了分配给脂质的特定原子/分子结构的科学基础，原理和特征性诊断峰。还综述了二维核磁共振在绘制和监测组分及其在复杂脂质系统中的变化以及在疾病发展过程中改变脂质谱的应用。举例说明了核磁共振脂质组学在疾病诊断和食品掺假中的应用。