Calcium hydroxide and calcium carbonate, or mixtures of both have been used for millennia as pigments or primers, often in combination with proteinaceous binders. Despite their historical importance and widespread use in wall paintings, little research has been dedicated to possible interactions between the inorganic pigment and the organic binder, and their impact on paint aging under variable environmental conditions. Here, paint dosimeters mimicking historic paints were exposed to artificial UV-aging and long-term outdoor exposure tests and analyzed using a wide array of techniques, including x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetry, laser particle size analysis, and spectrophotometry. Our results show that the prevailing environmental conditions (i.e., sheltered or directly exposed to rain and sunlight) and the presence or absence of proteinaceous binder have a significant influence on the mineralogical and morphological evolution of paints containing calcium hydroxide. The organic binder delays carbonation and induces the formation of hybrid materials similar to biominerals, incorporating organics into the inorganic carbonate matrix. Such a biomimetic effect significantly enhances the durability of the paint layer. Calcium carbonate pigments, in contrast, did not suffer mineralogical changes in the presence of organic binder. However, both, calcium carbonate and hydroxide caused conformational changes in the proteinaceous binder. Observed differences in pigment-binder interactions have an important influence on the paints' resistance to chemical weathering, explain different alteration patterns observed in historic paints under semi-open exposure conditions, and allow for recommendations regarding the most suitable material for wall painting conservation considering the prevailing environmental conditions.

千年以来，氢氧化钙和碳酸钙或它们的混合物已被用作颜料或底漆，通常与蛋白质粘合剂结合使用。尽管它们在壁画中具有重要的历史意义和广泛的用途，但很少有研究致力于无机颜料和有机粘合剂之间的可能相互作用，以及它们在可变环境条件下对油漆老化的影响。在这里，模仿历史油漆的涂料剂量计经受了人工紫外线老化和长期的室外暴露测试，并使用多种技术进行了分析，包括X射线衍射，扫描电子显微镜，衰减全反射率-傅立叶变换红外光谱法，热重分析法，激光粒度分析和分光光度法。我们的结果表明，当前的环境条件（即 ，遮蔽或直接暴露于雨水和阳光下）以及蛋白质粘合剂的存在或不存在对含有氢氧化钙的涂料的矿物学和形态演变有重大影响。有机粘合剂延迟了碳酸化作用，并诱导了类似于生物矿物的杂化材料的形成，将有机物掺入了无机碳酸盐基质中。这种仿生效果显着提高了涂料层的耐久性。相反，碳酸钙颜料在有机粘合剂的存在下不会发生矿物学变化。但是，碳酸钙和氢氧化钙均引起蛋白质粘合剂的构象变化。观察到的颜料-粘合剂相互作用的差异对涂料的耐化学风化性有重要影响，