The introduction of cell-based therapies has provided new and unique strategies to treat many diseases and disorders including the recent approval of CAR-T cell therapy for the leukemia. Cell surface engineering is a methodology in which the cell surface is tailored to modulate cellular function and interactions. In addition to genetic engineering of cell surface proteins, a wide array of robust, innovative and elegant approaches have been developed to selectively target the cell surface. In this review, we will introduce the leading strategies currently used in cell surface engineering including broadly reactive chemical ligations and physical associations as well as more controlled approaches as demonstrated in genetic, enzymatic and metabolic engineering. Prominent applications of these strategies for cell-based therapies will be highlighted including targeted cell death, control over stem cell fate, immunoevasion, blood transfusion and the delivery of cells to target tissues. Advances will be focused specifically on cells which are the most promising in generating cell-based therapeutics including red blood cells, white blood cells (lymphocytes, macrophages), stem cells (multipotent and pluripotent), islet cells, cancer cells, and endothelial cells.

中文翻译：

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基于细胞的疗法的表面工程：操纵哺乳动物细胞表面的技术

基于细胞的疗法的引入为治疗许多疾病和病症提供了新的独特策略，包括最近批准了用于白血病的CAR-T细胞疗法。细胞表面工程学是一种方法，其中细胞表面经过调整以调节细胞功能和相互作用。除了对细胞表面蛋白进行基因工程改造以外，还开发了多种健壮，创新和优雅的方法来选择性靶向细胞表面。在这篇综述中，我们将介绍当前在细胞表面工程中使用的领先策略，包括广泛的反应性化学连接和物理关联，以及在遗传，酶和代谢工程中证明的更受控制的方法。这些策略在基于细胞的疗法中的突出应用将得到重点介绍，包括靶向细胞死亡，控制干细胞命运，免疫逃逸，输血以及细胞向靶组织的递送。进展将特别集中在最有希望产生基于细胞的疗法的细胞上，包括红细胞，白细胞（淋巴细胞，巨噬细胞），干细胞（多能和多能），胰岛细胞，癌细胞和内皮细胞。