Microglia are the main resident macrophage population of the CNS and perform numerous functions required for CNS development, homeostasis, immunity, and repair. Many lines of evidence also indicate that dysregulation of microglia contributes to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative and behavioral diseases. These observations provide a compelling argument to more clearly define the mechanisms that control microglia identity and function in health and disease. In this Review, we present a conceptual framework for how different classes of transcription factors interact to select and activate regulatory elements that control microglia development and their responses to internal and external signals. We then describe functions of specific transcription factors in normal and pathological contexts and conclude with a consideration of open questions to be addressed in the future.

中文翻译：

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健康和疾病中小胶质细胞表型的转录控制。

小胶质细胞是中枢神经系统的主要常驻巨噬细胞种群，并具有中枢神经系统发育，体内平衡，免疫力和修复所需的众多功能。许多证据还表明，小胶质细胞失调是神经退行性疾病和行为疾病的发病机理。这些观察结果提供了令人信服的论据，以更清楚地定义控制小胶质细胞身份和健康与疾病功能的机制。在这篇综述中，我们为不同类别的转录因子如何相互作用以选择和激活控制小胶质细胞发育及其对内部和外部信号的响应的调控元件，提供了一个概念框架。