Spinal cord injury (SCI) lesions present diverse challenges for repair strategies. Anatomically complete injuries require restoration of neural connectivity across lesions. Anatomically incomplete injuries may benefit from augmentation of spontaneous circuit reorganization. Here, we review SCI cell biology, which varies considerably across three different lesion-related tissue compartments: (a) non-neural lesion core, (b) astrocyte scar border, and (c) surrounding spared but reactive neural tissue. After SCI, axon growth and circuit reorganization are determined by neuron-cell-autonomous mechanisms and by interactions among neurons, glia, and immune and other cells. These interactions are shaped by both the presence and the absence of growth-modulating molecules, which vary markedly in different lesion compartments. The emerging understanding of how SCI cell biology differs across lesion compartments is fundamental to developing rationally targeted repair strategies.

脊髓损伤（SCI）病变对修复策略提出了各种挑战。解剖上完整的损伤需要恢复病变之间的神经连接。解剖学上不完全的损伤可受益于自发回路重组的增强。在这里，我们回顾了SCI细胞生物学，在三个与病变相关的组织区室中差异很大：（a）非神经病变核心，（b）星形胶质细胞瘢痕边界，以及（c）周围有节制但反应活跃的神经组织。SCI后，轴突的生长和电路重组是由神经元-细胞自主机制以及神经元，神经胶质，免疫细胞和其他细胞之间的相互作用决定的。这些相互作用是由生长调节分子的存在和不存在共同决定的，生长调节分子在不同的病灶区室中明显不同。