Abstract A novel polyamide-graphene oxide (PA-GO) membrane was synthesized on a polyethersulfone support by first intra-crosslinking GO aggregates via m-xylylenediamine (MXDA) and then inter-crosslinking GO aggregates via trimethyle chloride (TMC). This method allows for the use of hydrophilic, more porous supports in forward osmosis (FO) membranes, thereby lending much flexibility to membrane synthesis and also potentially reducing internal concentration polarization in FO. The elemental composition, morphology, and hydrophilicity of the synthesized PA-GO membrane were characterized to confirm intra- and inter-crosslinking reactions and understand membrane properties. It was found that the mixing temperature of MXDA and GO should be controlled below 20 ℃ to avoid the formation of large GO aggregates and hence reduce membrane heterogeneity and defects. The performance of the PA-GO membrane was compared with that of a commercial FO membrane using trisodium citrate (TSC), Na 2 SO 4 , and MgCl 2 , respectively, as draw solutes. Under the same osmotic pressure, the water flux of the PA-GO membrane was the highest with TSC as draw solute, moderate with Na 2 SO 4 , and almost zero with MgCl 2 , while the ranking of solute fluxes followed a reverse order, revealing that an effective solute barrier plays an important role in making FO membranes with high water flux and low solute flux.

中文翻译：

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用于正向渗透的聚酰胺交联氧化石墨烯膜

摘要 在聚醚砜载体上合成了一种新型聚酰胺-氧化石墨烯 (PA-GO) 膜，首先通过间苯二甲胺 (MXDA) 内交联 GO 聚集体，然后通过三甲基氯化物 (TMC) 相互交联 GO 聚集体。这种方法允许在正向渗透 (FO) 膜中使用亲水性、多孔性更强的载体，从而为膜合成提供很大的灵活性，并可能减少 FO 中的内部浓差极化。对合成的 PA-GO 膜的元素组成、形态和亲水性进行表征，以确认内部和相互交联反应并了解膜特性。发现MXDA和GO的混合温度应控制在20℃以下，以避免形成大的GO聚集体，从而减少膜异质性和缺陷。PA-GO 膜的性能与分别使用柠檬酸三钠 (TSC)、Na 2 SO 4 和 MgCl 2 作为吸引溶质的商业 FO 膜的性能进行了比较。在相同的渗透压下，PA-GO膜的水通量以TSC为驱动溶质最高，以Na 2 SO 4 为中等，以MgCl 2 几乎为零，而溶质通量的排序则相反，揭示了有效的溶质屏障在制造具有高水通量和低溶质通量的 FO 膜中起着重要作用。和 MgCl 2 分别作为吸引溶质。在相同的渗透压下，PA-GO膜的水通量以TSC为驱动溶质最高，以Na 2 SO 4 为中等，以MgCl 2 几乎为零，而溶质通量的排序则相反，揭示了有效的溶质屏障在制造具有高水通量和低溶质通量的 FO 膜方面起着重要作用。和 MgCl 2 分别作为吸引溶质。在相同的渗透压下，PA-GO膜的水通量以TSC为驱动溶质最高，以Na 2 SO 4 为中等，以MgCl 2 几乎为零，而溶质通量的排序则相反，揭示了有效的溶质屏障在制造具有高水通量和低溶质通量的 FO 膜方面起着重要作用。