In this issue of Gut , Farro et al and Pohl et al present new findings on the role of myeloid cells in postoperative ileus (POI).1 2 POI is a frequent consequence of abdominal surgery that can lead to costly delays in patient recovery.3 The failure of peristalsis reflects paralysis of the smooth muscles of the intestine and several studies have suggested that this is dependent on macrophages in the muscularis externa (ME) layer of the gut wall that produce nitric oxide (NO).4 The intestine contains one of the largest pools of macrophages in the body, the majority of which is located in the lamina propria (LP) of the mucosa, near the epithelium. However macrophages are also present between the longitudinal and circular muscle layers of the ME, where they are in close proximity to the myenteric plexus.5 6 Recent studies indicate that LP and ME macrophages are phenotypically and functionally distinct under steady-state conditions.6 In particular, ME macrophages appear to have specialised tissue protection functions, including the production of factors such as bone morphogenic protein-2 (BMP2) that promote neuronal growth. In return, β2-adrenergic receptors on ME macrophages allow them to be sustained by sympathetic neurons and these two-way interactions are at least partly dependent on the …

中文翻译：

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Janus样单核细胞调节术后肠梗阻

在本期的Gut中，Farro等人和Pohl等人提出了有关髓样细胞在术后肠梗阻（POI）中的作用的新发现。12 POI是腹部手术的常见后果，可能导致昂贵的患者康复延误。3蠕动的失败反映了肠道平滑肌的瘫痪，一些研究表明，这取决于肠道壁肌层（ME）层中产生一氧化氮（NO）的巨噬细胞。4肠道中含有一种体内最大的巨噬细胞池，其中大部分位于上皮附近的黏膜固有层（LP）。但是，巨噬细胞也存在于ME的纵向和环状肌层之间，它们与肌间神经丛非常接近。5 6最近的研究表明，LP和ME巨噬细胞在稳态条件下在表型和功能上是不同的。6特别是，ME巨噬细胞似乎具有专门的组织保护功能，包括诸如骨形态发生蛋白2（BMP2）等因子的产生。促进神经元生长。作为回报，ME巨噬细胞上的β2-肾上腺素能受体使它们由交感神经元维持，这些双向相互作用至少部分取决于……