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Acute myeloid leukemia transforms the bone marrow niche into a leukemia-permissive microenvironment through exosome secretion.
Leukemia ( IF 12.8 ) Pub Date : 2018-Mar-01 , DOI: 10.1038/leu.2017.259
B Kumar , M Garcia , L Weng , X Jung , J L Murakami , X Hu , T McDonald , A Lin , A R Kumar , D L DiGiusto , A S Stein , V A Pullarkat , S K Hui , N Carlesso , Y-H Kuo , R Bhatia , G Marcucci , C-C Chen

Little is known about how leukemia cells alter the bone marrow (BM) niche to facilitate their own growth and evade chemotherapy. Here, we provide evidence that acute myeloid leukemia (AML) blasts remodel the BM niche into a leukemia growth-permissive and normal hematopoiesis-suppressive microenvironment through exosome secretion. Either engrafted AML cells or AML-derived exosomes increased mesenchymal stromal progenitors and blocked osteolineage development and bone formation in vivo. Preconditioning with AML-derived exosomes 'primed' the animals for accelerated AML growth. Conversely, disruption of exosome secretion in AML cells through targeting Rab27a, an important regulator involved in exosome release, significantly delayed leukemia development. In BM stromal cells, AML-derived exosomes induced the expression of DKK1, a suppressor of normal hematopoiesis and osteogenesis, thereby contributing to osteoblast loss. Conversely, treatment with a DKK1 inhibitor delayed AML progression and prolonged survival in AML-engrafted mice. In addition, AML-derived exosomes induced a broad downregulation of hematopoietic stem cell-supporting factors (for example, CXCL12, KITL and IGF1) in BM stromal cells and reduced their ability to support normal hematopoiesis. Altogether, this study uncovers novel features of AML pathogenesis and unveils how AML cells create a self-strengthening leukemic niche that promotes leukemic cell proliferation and survival, while suppressing normal hematopoiesis through exosome secretion.

中文翻译:

急性髓细胞性白血病通过外泌体分泌将骨髓小生境转变为白血病允许的微环境。

对于白血病细胞如何改变骨髓(BM)利基以促进自身生长和逃避化学疗法知之甚少。在这里,我们提供的证据表明,急性髓系白血病(AML)爆炸通过外泌体分泌将BM生态位重塑为白血病生长允许和正常造血抑制的微环境。植入的AML细胞或AML衍生的外来体均会增加间充质基质祖细胞,并在体内阻断骨生成和骨形成。用AML来源的外来体进行预处理可“灌注”动物以加速AML的生长。相反,通过靶向Rab27a(一种参与外泌体释放的重要调节剂)来破坏AML细胞中的外泌体分泌,会大大延迟白血病的发展。在BM基质细胞中,AML衍生的外泌体诱导DKK1的表达,正常造血和成骨的抑制剂,从而导致成骨细胞丢失。相反,在移植了AML的小鼠中,用DKK1抑制剂治疗可延缓AML的进展并延长生存期。此外,AML衍生的外泌体在BM基质细胞中诱导了广泛的造血干细胞支持因子(例如CXCL12,KITL和IGF1)下调,并降低了其支持正常造血的能力。总而言之,这项研究揭示了AML发病机制的新颖特征,并揭示了AML细胞如何创建一种自我强化的白血病小生境,该小生境可促进白血病细胞的增殖和存活,同时通过外泌体分泌抑制正常的造血功能。用DKK1抑制剂进行的治疗可延迟AML进程并在植入AML的小鼠中延长生存期。此外,AML衍生的外泌体在BM基质细胞中诱导了广泛的造血干细胞支持因子(例如CXCL12,KITL和IGF1)下调,并降低了其支持正常造血的能力。总而言之,这项研究揭示了AML发病机制的新颖特征,并揭示了AML细胞如何创建一种自我强化的白血病小生境,该小生境可促进白血病细胞的增殖和存活,同时通过外泌体分泌抑制正常的造血功能。用DKK1抑制剂进行的治疗可延迟AML进程并在植入AML的小鼠中延长生存期。此外,AML衍生的外泌体在BM基质细胞中诱导了广泛的造血干细胞支持因子(例如CXCL12,KITL和IGF1)下调,并降低了其支持正常造血的能力。总而言之,这项研究揭示了AML发病机制的新颖特征,并揭示了AML细胞如何创建一种自我强化的白血病小生境,该小生境可促进白血病细胞的增殖和存活,同时通过外泌体分泌抑制正常的造血功能。
更新日期:2017-09-08
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