Improving the triboelectrification effect between tribo-materials is fundamentally important for advancing the booming community of triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) and self-powered sensors. Microstructures played key roles in improving the triboelectrification effect, however, the uprightness of commonly used microstructures always limited the triboelectrification to interfaces between the tops of microstructures and opposite tribo-films during vertical contact/separation processes. In this study, bendable and slidable fish-scale-like microstructures were developed to surpass the limitations by extending the triboelectric interfaces from their tops to their sidewalls, taking the advantages of bending and sliding movements. Based on the fish-scale-like microstructures, the as-prepared TENGs delivered open-circuit voltages reaching up to 470 V and a short-circuit current density of 45 μA/cm². These values were two-fold higher than those obtained with vertical microstructures under the same testing conditions. The as-assembled self-powered pressure sensors based on fish-scale-like microstructures delivered linear measurement ranges reaching up to 42 kPa, low detection limit of 10 mPa, high sensitivity of 1.03 mV/Pa, and ultrafast response of 0.1 ms. These features were significantly enhanced when compared to those of vertical microstructures. More importantly, we also developed a straightforward and low-cost duplication method for fabricating the fish-scale-like microstructures, which are easily achievable for fabricating the high-performance TENGs or self-powered pressure sensors.

改善摩擦材料之间的摩擦起电作用对于推动摩擦纳米发电机（TENG）和自供电传感器的蓬勃发展至关重要。微观结构在改善摩擦起电效果方面起着关键作用，但是，在垂直接触/分离过程中，常用的微观结构的直立性总是将摩擦起电作用限制在微观结构顶部和相对的摩擦膜之间的界面。在这项研究中，开发了可弯曲和可滑动的鱼鳞状微结构，以通过将摩擦电界面从其顶部延伸到侧壁来超越限制，从而充分利用了弯曲和滑动运动的优势。基于鱼鳞状的微观结构，²。这些值比在相同测试条件下垂直微结构获得的值高两倍。组装后的基于鱼鳞状微结构的自供电压力传感器可提供高达42 kPa的线性测量范围，10 mPa的低检测限，1.03 mV / Pa的高灵敏度以及0.1 ms的超快响应。与垂直微结构相比，这些功能得到了显着增强。更重要的是，我们还开发了一种直接且低成本的复制方法来制造鱼鳞状的微结构，这对于制造高性能TENG或自供电压力传感器很容易实现。