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Climate change and alpine stream biology: progress, challenges, and opportunities for the future
Biological Reviews ( IF 10.0 ) Pub Date : 2017-01-20 , DOI: 10.1111/brv.12319
Scott Hotaling 1 , Debra S. Finn 2, 3 , J. Joseph Giersch 4 , David W. Weisrock 1 , Dean Jacobsen 5
Affiliation  

In alpine regions worldwide, climate change is dramatically altering ecosystems and affecting biodiversity in many ways. For streams, receding alpine glaciers and snowfields, paired with altered precipitation regimes, are driving shifts in hydrology, species distributions, basal resources, and threatening the very existence of some habitats and biota. Alpine streams harbour substantial species and genetic diversity due to significant habitat insularity and environmental heterogeneity. Climate change is expected to affect alpine stream biodiversity across many levels of biological resolution from micro‐ to macroscopic organisms and genes to communities. Herein, we describe the current state of alpine stream biology from an organism‐focused perspective. We begin by reviewing seven standard and emerging approaches that combine to form the current state of the discipline. We follow with a call for increased synthesis across existing approaches to improve understanding of how these imperiled ecosystems are responding to rapid environmental change. We then take a forward‐looking viewpoint on how alpine stream biologists can make better use of existing data sets through temporal comparisons, integrate remote sensing and geographic information system (GIS) technologies, and apply genomic tools to refine knowledge of underlying evolutionary processes. We conclude with comments about the future of biodiversity conservation in alpine streams to confront the daunting challenge of mitigating the effects of rapid environmental change in these sentinel ecosystems.

中文翻译:

气候变化和高山河流生物学:未来的进步、挑战和机遇

在全球高山地区,气候变化正在以多种方式显着改变生态系统并影响生物多样性。对于溪流,消退的高山冰川和雪原,再加上降水情况的改变,正在推动水文、物种分布、基础资源的变化,并威胁着一些栖息地和生物群的存在。由于显着的栖息地与世隔绝和环境异质性,高山溪流蕴藏着大量物种和遗传多样性。预计气候变化将影响高山河流生物多样性,涉及从微观到宏观的生物体和基因到社区的多个生物分辨率水平。在此,我们从以有机体为中心的角度描述了高山溪流生物学的现状。我们首先回顾了七种标准的和新兴的方法,它们结合起来形成了该学科的当前状态。我们随后呼吁加强对现有方法的综合,以提高对这些受威胁的生态系统如何应对快速环境变化的理解。然后,我们对高山河流生物学家如何通过时间比较更好地利用现有数据集,整合遥感和地理信息系统 (GIS) 技术,以及应用基因组工具来完善对潜在进化过程的了解,采取了前瞻性的观点。最后,我们对高山溪流生物多样性保护的未来发表评论,以应对缓解这些哨兵生态系统中快速环境变化影响的艰巨挑战。我们随后呼吁加强对现有方法的综合,以提高对这些受威胁的生态系统如何应对快速环境变化的理解。然后,我们对高山河流生物学家如何通过时间比较更好地利用现有数据集,整合遥感和地理信息系统 (GIS) 技术,以及应用基因组工具来完善对潜在进化过程的了解,采取了前瞻性的观点。最后,我们对高山溪流生物多样性保护的未来发表评论,以应对缓解这些哨兵生态系统中快速环境变化影响的艰巨挑战。我们随后呼吁加强对现有方法的综合,以提高对这些受威胁的生态系统如何应对快速环境变化的理解。然后,我们对高山河流生物学家如何通过时间比较更好地利用现有数据集,整合遥感和地理信息系统 (GIS) 技术,以及应用基因组工具来完善对潜在进化过程的了解,采取了前瞻性的观点。最后,我们对高山溪流生物多样性保护的未来发表评论,以应对缓解这些哨兵生态系统中快速环境变化影响的艰巨挑战。然后,我们对高山河流生物学家如何通过时间比较更好地利用现有数据集,整合遥感和地理信息系统 (GIS) 技术,以及应用基因组工具来完善对潜在进化过程的了解,采取了前瞻性的观点。最后,我们对高山溪流生物多样性保护的未来发表评论,以应对缓解这些哨兵生态系统中快速环境变化影响的艰巨挑战。然后,我们对高山河流生物学家如何通过时间比较更好地利用现有数据集,整合遥感和地理信息系统 (GIS) 技术,以及应用基因组工具来完善对潜在进化过程的了解,采取了前瞻性的观点。最后,我们对高山溪流生物多样性保护的未来发表评论,以应对缓解这些哨兵生态系统中快速环境变化影响的艰巨挑战。
更新日期:2017-01-20
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