Current efforts in precision oncology largely focus on the benefit of genomics-guided therapy. Yet, advances in sequencing techniques provide an unprecedented view of the complex genetic and nongenetic heterogeneity within individual tumors. Herein, we outline the benefits of integrating genomic and transcriptomic analyses for advanced precision oncology. We summarize relevant computational approaches to detect novel drivers and genetic vulnerabilities, suitable for therapeutic exploration. Clinically relevant platforms to functionally test predicted drugs/drug combinations for individual patients are reviewed. Finally, we highlight the technological advances in single cell analysis of tumor specimens. These may ultimately lead to the development of next-generation cancer drugs, capable of tackling the hurdles imposed by genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity on current anticancer therapies.

当前精准肿瘤学的努力主要集中在基因组学指导治疗的益处上。然而，测序技术的进步为个体肿瘤内复杂的遗传和非遗传异质性提供了前所未有的视角。在此，我们概述了整合基因组和转录组分析对先进精准肿瘤学的好处。我们总结了相关的计算方法来检测新的驱动因素和遗传漏洞，适合治疗探索。审查了对个体患者进行功能测试的预测药物/药物组合的临床相关平台。最后，我们强调肿瘤样本单细胞分析的技术进步。这些可能最终导致下一代癌症药物的开发，能够克服遗传和表型异质性对当前抗癌疗法造成的障碍。