Photocatalytic solar energy conversion is considered one of the most promising pathways to address the global energy shortage and environmental crisis. Layered bismuth oxyhalides are a new class of photocatalytic materials with a strong light response to boost solar energy conversion due to their appealing energy band structure and unique layered structure. This critical review summarizes recent progress in designing and tuning new bismuth oxyhalide materials to boost solar energy conversion. We start with methods to prepare and tune bismuth oxyhalides to enhance photocatalysis: structural engineering via control of the bismuth-rich state, elemental doping, defect control, interface engineering, solid solutions, inner coupling, and heterojunction construction. Then advancements in versatile photocatalytic applications of bismuth oxyhalide–based photocatalysts in the areas of oxygen evolution, hydrogen evolution, CO₂ reduction, nitrogen fixation, organic syntheses, disinfection, and pollutant removal are discussed. Finally, the major challenges and opportunities regarding the future exploration of bismuth oxyhalide–based materials in photocatalysis are presented. The present review will deepen understanding regarding bismuth oxyhalides and open new directions in designing and optimizing advanced bismuth oxyhalide–based materials for energy and environmental applications.

中文翻译：

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能源和环境应用中的卤氧化铋层状材料

光催化太阳能转化被认为是解决全球能源短缺和环境危机的最有前途的途径之一。层状卤化铋是一类新型的光催化材料，由于其具有吸引人的能带结构和独特的层状结构，因此具有很强的光响应能力，可促进太阳能转化。这篇重要的评论总结了在设计和调整新的卤氧化铋材料以促进太阳能转化方面的最新进展。我们从制备和调整卤氧化铋的方法开始，以增强光催化作用：通过富铋状态的控制，元素掺杂，缺陷控制，界面工程，固溶体，内部耦合和异质结构造。然后，讨论了基于氧卤化铋的光催化剂在光催化释放，氢释放，CO ₂还原，固氮，有机合成，消毒和污染物去除领域的通用光催化应用方面的进展。最后，介绍了未来在光催化中基于卤氧化铋的材料的主要挑战和机遇。本综述将加深对卤化铋的理解，并为设计和优化用于能源和环境应用的高级卤氧化铋材料开辟新的方向。