The microstructural, in vitro and in vivo properties of the microwave-synthesized samples were investigated using the optical microscope, scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimeter, contact angle goniometer, cell cytotoxicity assay, and chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model in the study. When the calcium sulfate dihydrate (CSD) precursor underwent microwave irradiation treatment at temperatures between 100°C and 160°C, the crystal morphologies and crystalline structures were transformed from (tablet-like CSD (monoclinic)) (tablet-like CSD (monoclinic) + long column α-calcium sulfate hemihydrate (α-CSH, hexagonal)) (long column CSD (monoclinic) + short column α-CSH (hexagonal)) (uniform short column α-CSH (hexagonal)). The high-purity α-CSH with uniform short column crystals around 10 μm in length can be synthesized at 160°C for 10 minutes and exhibits a higher hydrophilic feature in blood. Moreover, the cell cytotoxicity assay indicated that the microwave-synthesized samples possessed well biocompatibility. In vivo results also demonstrated that the microwave-synthesized α-CSH not only induces angiogenesis formation but also facilitates osteogenesis. Therefore, the microwave-synthesized α-CSH is a promising bone graft substitute that can be applied in dental and orthopedic fields.

中文翻译：

---

一种创新的α-半水合硫酸钙生物陶瓷作为潜在的骨移植替代品

使用光学显微镜，扫描电子显微镜，X射线衍射，差示扫描量热仪，接触角测角仪，细胞细胞毒性测定和鸡绒膜尿囊膜（CAM）对微波合成样品的微观结构，体外和体内特性进行了研究。研究中的模型。当二水合硫酸钙（CSD）前体在100°C至160°C的温度下进行微波辐照处理时，晶体形态和晶体结构从（平板状CSD（单斜晶））（平板状CSD（单斜晶））转变而来+长柱α-半水合硫酸钙（α-CSH，六边形））（长柱CSD（单斜）+短柱α-CSH（六边形））（均匀的短柱α-CSH（六边形））。可以在160°C的温度下合成10分钟左右且长度均匀的短柱状晶体的高纯度α-CSH，并持续10分钟，并且在血液中表现出更高的亲水性。此外，细胞毒性试验表明，微波合成的样品具有良好的生物相容性。体内结果还表明，微波合成的α-CSH不仅诱导血管生成，而且促进成骨。因此，微波合成的α-CSH是一种有前途的骨移植替代品，可以应用于牙科和整形外科领域。