This review discusses opportunities and bottlenecks for cell factory development of Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB), with an emphasis on lactobacilli and pediococci, their metabolism and genetic tools. In order to enable economically feasible bio-based production of chemicals and fuels in a biorefinery, the choice of product, substrate and production organism is important. Currently, the most frequently used production hosts include Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, but promising examples are available of alternative hosts such as LAB. Particularly lactobacilli and pediococci can offer benefits such as thermotolerance, an extended substrate range and increased tolerance to stresses such as low pH or high alcohol concentrations. This review will evaluate the properties and metabolism of these organisms, and provide an overview of their current biotechnological applications and metabolic engineering. We substantiate the review by including experimental results from screening various lactobacilli and pediococci for transformability, growth temperature range and ability to grow under biotechnologically relevant stress conditions. Since availability of efficient genetic engineering tools is a crucial prerequisite for industrial strain development, genetic tool development is extensively discussed. A range of genetic tools exist for Lactococcus lactis, but for other species of LAB like lactobacilli and pediococci such tools are less well developed. Whereas lactobacilli and pediococci have a long history of use in food and beverage fermentation, their use as platform organisms for production purposes is rather new. By harnessing their properties such as thermotolerance and stress resistance, and by using emerging high-throughput genetic tools, these organisms are very promising as versatile cell factories for biorefinery applications.

这篇评论讨论了乳酸菌（LAB）细胞工厂发展的机遇和瓶颈，重点是乳酸杆菌和pedococcci，它们的代谢和遗传工具。为了在生物精炼厂中实现经济上可行的生物基生产化学品和燃料，选择产品，底物和生产生物非常重要。当前，最常用的生产宿主包括大肠杆菌和酿酒酵母，但也有其他替代主机（例如LAB）的有希望的例子。特别是乳酸杆菌和pedococcci可以提供诸如耐热性，扩大底物范围和提高对诸如低pH或高酒精浓度等压力的耐受性的优势。这篇综述将评估这些生物的特性和代谢，并概述其当前的生物技术应用和代谢工程。我们通过包括筛选各种乳杆菌和小球菌的可转化性，生长温度范围和在生物技术相关的胁迫条件下生长的能力的实验结果来证实该评价。由于有效的基因工程工具的可用性是工业菌株开发的关键前提，因此广泛讨论了遗传工具的开发。乳酸乳球菌，但是对于其他乳酸菌物种，如乳酸杆菌和pedococcci，这类工具的开发还不够完善。乳酸菌和pedococcci在食品和饮料发酵中已有悠久的历史，而将其用作生产用途的平台生物则相当新。通过利用它们的耐热性和抗逆性等特性，并使用新兴的高通量遗传工具，这些生物有望成为生物炼制应用的多功能细胞工厂。