Mechanical stress from blood flow has a significant effect on endothelial physiology, with a key role in initiating vasoregulatory signals. Disturbances in blood flow, such as in regions of disease-associated stenosis, arterial branch points, and sharp turns, can induce proatherogenic phenotypes in endothelial cells. The disruption of vascular homeostasis as a result of endothelial dysfunction may contribute to early and late stages of atherosclerosis, the underlying cause of coronary artery disease. In-depth knowledge of the mechanobiology of endothelial cells is essential to identifying mechanosensory complexes involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. In this review, we describe different blood flow patterns and summarize current knowledge on mechanosensory molecules regulating endothelial vasoregulatory functions, with clinical implications. Such information may help in the search for novel therapeutic approaches.

来自血流的机械应力对内皮生理有重要影响，在引发血管调节信号中起关键作用。诸如与疾病相关的狭窄区域，动脉分支点和急转弯等区域的血流紊乱可在内皮细胞中诱导前动脉粥样硬化表型。内皮功能障碍导致血管稳态的破坏可能导致动脉粥样硬化的早期和晚期，这是冠状动脉疾病的根本原因。对内皮细胞力学生物学的深入了解对于鉴定参与动脉粥样硬化发病机理的机械感觉复合物至关重要。在这篇综述中，我们描述了不同的血流模式，并总结了目前有关调节内皮血管调节功能的机械感觉分子的知识，具有临床意义。此类信息可能有助于寻找新颖的治疗方法。