Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) offer a practical source for the de novo generation of cardiac tissues and a unique opportunity to investigate cardiovascular lineage commitment. Numerous strategies have focused on the in vitro production of cardiomyocytes, smooth muscle, and endothelium from hPSCs. However, these differentiation protocols often yield undesired cell types. Thus, establishing a set of stage-specific markers for pure cardiac subpopulations will assist in defining the hierarchy of cardiac differentiation, aid in the development of cellular therapy, and facilitate drug screening and disease modeling. The recent characterization of many such markers is enabling the isolation of major cardiac lineages and subpopulations from differentiating hPSCs. We provide here a comprehensive review detailing the suite of biomarkers used to differentiate cardiac lineages from mixed hPSC-derived populations.

人类多能干细胞（hPSC）为从头产生心脏组织提供了实用的资源，并且为研究心血管谱系的形成提供了独特的机会。许多策略都集中在体外hPSC产生心肌细胞，平滑肌和内皮细胞。但是，这些分化方案通常会产生不需要的细胞类型。因此，为纯心脏亚群建立一组阶段特异性标志物将有助于定义心脏分化的等级，有助于细胞疗法的发展，并有助于药物筛选和疾病建模。许多这样的标记物的最新表征使得能够从分化的hPSC中分离出主要的心脏谱系和亚群。我们在这里提供全面的评论，详细介绍用于区分心脏谱系和hPSC混合人群的生物标志物的套件。