Staphylococcus aureus is a major cause of bacterial infection in humans, and has been notoriously able to acquire resistance to a variety of antibiotics. An example is methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), which despite having been initially associated with clinical settings, now is one of the key causative agents of community-acquired infections. Antibiotic resistance in S. aureus involves mechanisms ranging from drug efflux to increased expression or mutation of target proteins, and this has required innovative approaches to develop novel treatment methodologies. This review provides an overview of the major mechanisms of antibiotic resistance developed by S. aureus, and describes the emerging alternatives being sought to circumvent infection and proliferation, including new generations of classic antibiotics, synergistic approaches, antibodies, and targeting of virulence factors.

金黄色葡萄球菌是人类细菌感染的主要原因，并且众所周知能够获得对多种抗生素的抗性。一个例子是耐甲氧西林的金黄色葡萄球菌（MRSA），尽管最初与临床环境相关，但现在已成为社区获得性感染的关键病原体之一。金黄色葡萄球菌的抗生素抗性涉及从药物外排到靶蛋白表达或突变增加的机制，这需要创新的方法来开发新的治疗方法。这篇综述概述了金黄色葡萄球菌产生的抗生素耐药性的主要机制。，并描述了为避免感染和扩散而寻求的新兴替代方法，包括新一代的经典抗生素，协同方法，抗体和毒力因子的靶向。