Contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) is reversible acute renal failure observed following administration of iodinated contrast media (CM) during angiographic or other medical procedures such as urography. There are various mechanisms through which CM develop their nephrotoxic effects, including oxidative stress and apoptosis. CIN is a real-life, albeit not very rare, entity. Exact pathophysiology remains obscure and no standard diagnostic criteria apply. The Acute Kidney Injury Network criteria was recently employed but its incidence/clinical significance warrants further clarification based on recent methodological advancements, because most published studies to date were contaminated by bias. The current study is a comprehensive review conducted to provide an overview of the basic concepts of CIN and summarize recent knowledge on its pathophysiology and the evidence supporting potential prevention strategies. CIN is expected to increase morbidity, hospital stay and mortality, while all patients scheduled to receive CM should undergo risk assessment for CIN and high-risk patients may be considered candidates for prevention strategies. The value of using compounds with antioxidant properties other than sodium bicarbonate, remains controversial, warranting further clinical investigation.

造影剂肾病（CIN）是在血管造影术或其他医学过程（如泌尿造影术）中使用碘化造影剂（CM）后观察到的可逆性急性肾衰竭。CM通过多种机制发展其肾毒性作用，包括氧化应激和细胞凋亡。CIN是现实生活中的实体，尽管不是很罕见。确切的病理生理学仍然晦涩难懂，没有适用标准的诊断标准。最近采用了急性肾脏损伤网络标准，但由于最近的方法学进展，需要进一步阐明其发生率/临床意义，因为迄今为止大多数已发表的研究都受到偏见的污染。本研究是一项全面的综述，旨在概述CIN的基本概念，并总结有关CIN病理生理学的最新知识以及支持潜在预防策略的证据。预计CIN会增加发病率，住院时间和死亡率，而所有计划接受CM的患者均应接受CIN风险评估，高危患者可被视为预防策略的候选人。使用碳酸氢钠以外的具有抗氧化性能的化合物的价值仍然存在争议，值得进一步的临床研究。而所有计划接受CM的患者均应接受CIN风险评估，高危患者可被视为预防策略的候选人。使用碳酸氢钠以外的具有抗氧化性能的化合物的价值仍然存在争议，值得进一步的临床研究。而所有计划接受CM的患者均应接受CIN风险评估，高危患者可被视为预防策略的候选人。使用碳酸氢钠以外的具有抗氧化性能的化合物的价值仍然存在争议，值得进一步的临床研究。