BACKGROUND Anomalies of brain gyrification have been reported in schizophrenia, possibly reflecting its neurodevelopmental pathology. However, it remains elusive whether individuals at risk for psychotic disorders exhibit deviated gyrification patterns, and whether such findings, if present, are predictive of transition to psychotic disorders. METHODS This multicenter magnetic resonance imaging study investigated brain gyrification and its relationship to later transition to psychotic disorders in a large sample of at-risk mental state (ARMS) individuals. T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging scans were obtained from 104 ARMS individuals, of whom 21 (20.2%) exhibited the transition to psychotic disorders during clinical follow-up (mean = 4.9 years, SD = 2.6 years), and 104 healthy control subjects at 4 different sites. The local gyrification index (LGI) of the entire cortex was compared across the groups using FreeSurfer software. RESULTS Compared with the control subjects, ARMS individuals showed a significantly higher LGI in widespread cortical areas, including the bilateral frontal, temporal, parietal, and occipital regions, which was partly associated with prodromal symptomatology. ARMS individuals who exhibited the transition to psychotic disorders showed a significantly higher LGI in the left occipital region compared with individuals without transition. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggested that increased LGI in diverse cortical regions might represent vulnerability to psychopathology, while increased LGI in the left occipital cortex might be related to subsequent manifestation of florid psychotic disorders as a possible surrogate marker.

中文翻译：

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处于危险心理状态的个体的枕骨旋转增加和精神病的发展：一项多中心研究

背景 已经在精神分裂症中报道了脑旋转异常，这可能反映了其神经发育病理学。然而，尚不清楚有精神病风险的个体是否表现出偏离的旋转模式，以及这些发现（如果存在）是否预示着向精神病的转变。方法这项多中心磁共振成像研究在大量处于危险的精神状态 (ARMS) 个体中调查了脑回旋化及其与后来转变为精神病的关系。T1 加权磁共振成像扫描来自 104 名 ARMS 个体，其中 21 名 (20.2%) 在临床随访期间表现出向精神障碍的转变（平均 = 4.9 年，SD = 2.6 年），104 名健康对照受试者在4个不同的站点。使用 FreeSurfer 软件比较各组整个皮层的局部旋转指数 (LGI)。结果 与对照组相比，ARMS 个体在广泛的皮质区域显示出显着更高的 LGI，包括双侧额叶、颞叶、顶叶和枕叶区域，这部分与前驱症状有关。与没有转变的个体相比，表现出向精神病转变的 ARMS 个体在左枕区显示出显着更高的 LGI。结论 这些发现表明，不同皮质区域的 LGI 增加可能代表对精神病理学的脆弱性，而左枕叶皮层的 LGI 增加可能与随后出现的华丽精神病性障碍（作为可能的替代标志物）有关。