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Acid-base disorders in liver disease
Journal of Hepatology ( IF 26.8 ) Pub Date : 2017-11-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2017.06.023
Bernhard Scheiner , Gregor Lindner , Thomas Reiberger , Bruno Schneeweiss , Michael Trauner , Christian Zauner , Georg-Christian Funk

Alongside the kidneys and lungs, the liver has been recognised as an important regulator of acid-base homeostasis. While respiratory alkalosis is the most common acid-base disorder in chronic liver disease, various complex metabolic acid-base disorders may occur with liver dysfunction. While the standard variables of acid-base equilibrium, such as pH and overall base excess, often fail to unmask the underlying cause of acid-base disorders, the physical-chemical acid-base model provides a more in-depth pathophysiological assessment for clinical judgement of acid-base disorders, in patients with liver diseases. Patients with stable chronic liver disease have several offsetting acidifying and alkalinising metabolic acid-base disorders. Hypoalbuminaemic alkalosis is counteracted by hyperchloraemic and dilutional acidosis, resulting in a normal overall base excess. When patients with liver cirrhosis become critically ill (e.g., because of sepsis or bleeding), this fragile equilibrium often tilts towards metabolic acidosis, which is attributed to lactic acidosis and acidosis due to a rise in unmeasured anions. Interestingly, even though patients with acute liver failure show significantly elevated lactate levels, often, no overt acid-base disorder can be found because of the offsetting hypoalbuminaemic alkalosis. In conclusion, patients with liver diseases may have multiple co-existing metabolic acid-base abnormalities. Thus, knowledge of the pathophysiological and diagnostic concepts of acid-base disturbances in patients with liver disease is critical for therapeutic decision making.

中文翻译:

肝病中的酸碱紊乱

除了肾脏和肺,肝脏也被认为是酸碱平衡的重要调节器。虽然呼吸性碱中毒是慢性肝病中最常见的酸碱紊乱,但肝功能障碍可能会出现各种复杂的代谢酸碱紊乱。虽然酸碱平衡的标准变量,如 pH 值和总体碱过量,往往无法揭示酸碱紊乱的根本原因,但物理化学酸碱模型为临床判断提供了更深入的病理生理评估酸碱紊乱,肝病患者。稳定的慢性肝病患者有几种相互抵消的酸化和碱化代谢酸碱紊乱。高氯血症和稀释性酸中毒可以抵消低蛋白性碱中毒,导致正常的总体碱过剩。当肝硬化患者病情危重时(例如,由于败血症或出血),这种脆弱的平衡往往倾向于代谢性酸中毒,这归因于乳酸性酸中毒和由于未测量的阴离子升高引起的酸中毒。有趣的是,即使急性肝功能衰竭患者的乳酸水平显着升高,但由于抵消性低蛋白性碱中毒,通常不会发现明显的酸碱紊乱。综上所述,肝病患者可能同时存在多种代谢性酸碱异常。因此,了解肝病患者酸碱紊乱的病理生理学和诊断概念对于治疗决策至关重要。由于败血症或出血),这种脆弱的平衡往往倾向于代谢性酸中毒,这归因于乳酸性酸中毒和由于未测量的阴离子增加引起的酸中毒。有趣的是,即使急性肝功能衰竭患者的乳酸水平显着升高,但由于抵消性低蛋白性碱中毒,通常不会发现明显的酸碱紊乱。综上所述,肝病患者可能同时存在多种代谢性酸碱异常。因此,了解肝病患者酸碱紊乱的病理生理学和诊断概念对于治疗决策至关重要。由于败血症或出血),这种脆弱的平衡往往倾向于代谢性酸中毒,这归因于乳酸性酸中毒和由于未测量的阴离子增加引起的酸中毒。有趣的是,即使急性肝功能衰竭患者的乳酸水平显着升高,但由于抵消性低蛋白性碱中毒,通常不会发现明显的酸碱紊乱。综上所述,肝病患者可能同时存在多种代谢性酸碱异常。因此,了解肝病患者酸碱紊乱的病理生理学和诊断概念对于治疗决策至关重要。有趣的是,即使急性肝功能衰竭患者的乳酸水平显着升高,但由于抵消了低蛋白血症性碱中毒,通常不会发现明显的酸碱紊乱。综上所述,肝病患者可能同时存在多种代谢性酸碱异常。因此,了解肝病患者酸碱紊乱的病理生理学和诊断概念对于治疗决策至关重要。有趣的是,即使急性肝功能衰竭患者的乳酸水平显着升高,但由于抵消了低蛋白血症性碱中毒,通常不会发现明显的酸碱紊乱。综上所述,肝病患者可能同时存在多种代谢性酸碱异常。因此,了解肝病患者酸碱紊乱的病理生理学和诊断概念对于治疗决策至关重要。
更新日期:2017-11-01
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