Ubiquitous conserved processes that repair DNA damage are essential for the maintenance and propagation of genomes over generations. Then again, inaccuracies in DNA transactions and failures to remove mutagenic lesions cause heritable genome changes. Building on decades of research using genetics and biochemistry, unprecedented quantitative insight into DNA repair mechanisms has come from the new-found ability to measure single proteins in vitro and inside individual living cells. This has brought together biologists, chemists, engineers, physicists, and mathematicians to solve long-standing questions about the way in which repair enzymes search for DNA lesions and form protein complexes that act in DNA repair pathways. Furthermore, unexpected discoveries have resulted from capabilities to resolve molecular heterogeneity and cell subpopulations, provoking new questions about the role of stochastic processes in DNA repair and mutagenesis. These studies are leading to new technologies that will find widespread use in basic research, biotechnology, and medicine.

中文翻译：

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细菌 DNA 修复和诱变的单分子分析。

普遍存在的修复 DNA 损伤的保守过程对于基因组的世代维持和繁殖至关重要。再说一次，DNA 交易的不准确和未能去除诱变损伤会导致可遗传的基因组变化。基于几十年的遗传学和生物化学研究，对 DNA 修复机制的前所未有的定量洞察来自于新发现的在体外和单个活细胞内测量单个蛋白质的能力。这汇集了生物学家、化学家、工程师、物理学家和数学家，以解决长期存在的问题，即修复酶如何寻找 DNA 损伤并形成在 DNA 修复途径中起作用的蛋白质复合物。此外，解决分子异质性和细胞亚群的能力产生了意想不到的发现，引发了关于随机过程在 DNA 修复和诱变中的作用的新问题。这些研究正在催生新技术，这些新技术将在基础研究、生物技术和医学中得到广泛应用。