Annual Review of Marine Science ( IF 14.3 ) Pub Date : 2017-01-03 00:00:00 , DOI: 10.1146/annurev-marine-010816-060641 Rick Lumpkin 1 , Tamay Özgökmen 2 , Luca Centurioni 3
Surface drifting buoys, or drifters, are used in oceanographic and climate research, oil spill tracking, weather forecasting, search and rescue operations, calibration and validation of velocities from high-frequency radar and from altimeters, iceberg tracking, and support of offshore drilling operations. In this review, we present a brief history of drifters, from the message in a bottle to the latest satellite-tracked, multisensor drifters. We discuss the different types of drifters currently used for research and operations as well as drifter designs in development. We conclude with a discussion of the various properties that can be observed with drifters, with heavy emphasis on a critical process that cannot adequately be observed by any other instrument: dispersion in the upper ocean, driven by turbulence at scales from waves through the submesoscale to the large-scale geostrophic eddies.
中文翻译:
表面漂移机的应用进展
表面漂流浮标或漂流器用于海洋学和气候研究,漏油跟踪,天气预报,搜索和救援行动,高频雷达和高度计的速度校准和验证,冰山跟踪以及为海上钻井作业提供支持。在本文中,我们简要介绍了漂移罐的历史,从瓶中信息到最新的卫星追踪多传感器漂移罐。我们讨论了目前用于研究和运营的各种类型的浮子,以及正在开发中的浮子设计。最后,我们讨论了漂流者可以观察到的各种特性,并着重强调了其他任何仪器都无法充分观察到的关键过程:在上层海洋中的扩散,