Hispanics are the largest minority in the U.S., now encompassing 56.6 million people. A Hispanic or Latino is an individual whose ancestry can be traced to Spain or territories previously under Spanish control. The Hispanic population in the U.S. and Latin America is very diverse for country of origin, nativity, and racial ancestry. Over the last nine years, our knowledge of COPD in Hispanics has improved, due to a better understanding of differences in COPD burden and risk factors across Hispanic subgroups, development of subgroup-specific spirometry reference equations, genetic studies, and better knowledge of barriers and needs in the diagnosis and management of COPD in the Hispanic population. Despite this progress, much remains to be done. The ongoing HCHS/SOL study, combined with future observational studies and clinical trials including sufficient numbers of well-characterized Hispanic subjects, are needed to draw firm conclusions about the etiology and management of COPD in Hispanic subgroups. Such Hispanic-focused studies should improve our understanding of the “omics” of COPD, the impact of variables correlated with racial ancestry on COPD and lung function (e.g., are spirometry reference equations that account for racial ancestry proportions superior to those developed for self-reported members of Hispanic subgroups?), the burden of ACOS, the use of non-tobacco products, and effective smoking cessation interventions in this ethnic group. Increasing health insurance coverage, together with culturally sensitive policies to address healthcare barriers (i.e. language proficiency, low health literacy, non-adherence to therapy, and patient beliefs), should help improve the care of Hispanic patients with COPD.

中文翻译：

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西班牙裔慢性阻塞性肺疾病：9 年更新


拉美裔是美国最大的少数族裔，目前有 5660 万人。西班牙裔或拉丁裔是指其血统可以追溯到西班牙或以前受西班牙控制的领土的个人。美国和拉丁美洲的西班牙裔人口在原籍国、出生地和种族血统方面非常多样化。在过去的九年里，我们对西班牙裔慢性阻塞性肺病的了解有所提高，这是由于更好地了解了西班牙裔亚组之间慢性阻塞性肺病负担和危险因素的差异、开发了亚组特异性肺活量测定参考方程、遗传学研究以及对障碍和风险因素的更好了解。西班牙裔人群慢性阻塞性肺病的诊断和治疗的需求。尽管取得了这些进展，但仍有许多工作要做。正在进行的 HCHS/SOL 研究，结合未来的观察性研究和临床试验，包括足够数量的特征明确的西班牙裔受试者，需要就西班牙裔亚组中 COPD 的病因和治疗得出明确的结论。这种以西班牙裔为重点的研究应该提高我们对慢性阻塞性肺病“组学”的理解，即与种族血统相关的变量对慢性阻塞性肺病和肺功能的影响（例如，考虑种族血统比例的肺活量测定参考方程是否优于为自我研究而开发的那些）。报告的西班牙裔亚群体成员？）、ACOS 的负担、非烟草产品的使用以及该种族群体的有效戒烟干预措施。增加健康保险覆盖范围，加上针对医疗保健障碍（即语言能力、健康素养低、不坚持治疗和患者信念）的文化敏感政策，应有助于改善西班牙裔慢性阻塞性肺病患者的护理。