In this study, PSf ultrafiltration membranes were modified with a low content of polyrhodanine (PRh) nanoparticles to improve the membrane performance for wastewater treatment. Ternary phase diagram evaluation showed that the binodal boundary moved to the solvent–polymer axis by addition of 0.05 wt% PRh nanoparticles and hence the speed of phase separation increased and consequently the membrane porosity improved. Contact angle results confirmed the hydrophilicity enhancement of the membrane surface by addition of PRh nanoparticles to the polymer solution. Furthermore, by addition of the 0.05 wt% PRh nanoparticles to the PSf casting solution, the water and industrial wastewater flux increased from 83 and 70 LMH to 259 and 135 LMH, respectively. Additionally, COD and natural organic matter removal increased from 56.8% and 81.8% to 66.3% and 89.5% respectively. Although increasing the nanoparticle content up to 0.08 wt% had no considerable effect on membrane rejection, the water and industrial wastewater flux decreased to 80 LMH and 64 LMH. Moreover, the modified membranes showed lower irreversible fouling and higher water flux recovery indicating their better antifouling properties. In addition, the membrane containing low contents of PRh nanoparticles demonstrated considerable antibacterial activity.

中文翻译：

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具有优异性能的低含量纳米聚罗丹宁改性聚砜膜及其在废水处理中的性能

在这项研究中，用低含量的聚罗丹宁（PRh）纳米粒子对PSf超滤膜进行了改性，以改善其在废水处理中的性能。三元相图评估表明，通过添加0.05 wt％的PRh纳米粒子，二面体边界移至溶剂-聚合物轴，因此相分离的速度增加，因此膜的孔隙率得到改善。接触角结果证实了通过将PRh纳米颗粒添加到聚合物溶液中可以提高膜表面的亲水性。此外，通过向PSf流延溶液中添加0.05 wt％的PRh纳米颗粒，水和工业废水通量分别从83和70 LMH增加到259和135 LMH。此外，化学需氧量和天然有机物的去除率从56.8％和81.8％增加到66.3％和89。分别为5％。尽管将纳米颗粒的含量提高至0.08 wt％对膜的截留率影响不大，但是水和工业废水的通量分别降至80 LMH和64 LMH。此外，改性膜显示出较低的不可逆结垢性和较高的水通量回收率，表明它们具有更好的防污性能。另外，含有低含量PRh纳米颗粒的膜表现出相当大的抗菌活性。