Antiviral therapy for influenza has been studied in many settings and has consistently reduced illness, mortality, and complications when started early (1–4). Despite this clear benefit, suboptimal use of antiviral and antibacterial therapy for patients with confirmed influenza exists in both ambulatory and hospitalized settings (5, 6). In recent studies of ambulatory adults, antiviral and antibacterial therapies were prescribed to 15% and 30%, respectively, of outpatients with influenza (7). In recent studies of hospitalized adults, prescription of antiviral agents for influenza was low in the prepandemic period (51% to 57%, with early therapy prescribed in 47% to 55%) and increased to 89% in 2014 and 2015 (5, 8). Initiation of antiviral therapy on the day of admission has increased from 38% during the first wave of the pandemic to 56% after the pandemic (5, 8). In comparison, 73% to 79% of patients received antibacterial therapy, 93% to 95% in the first 1 to 2 days after admission, reflecting clinicians' greater reluctance to prescribe antivirals than antibacterials (6).

流感的抗病毒治疗已在许多环境中进行了研究，并且从早期开始一直持续降低疾病，死亡率和并发症（1-4）。尽管有明显的好处，但在门诊和住院环境中，确诊流感患者仍未最佳使用抗病毒和抗菌疗法（5、6）。在最近的非卧床成人研究中，门诊流感患者的抗病毒和抗菌疗法分别规定为15％和30％（7）。在最近对住院成年人的研究中，大流行前期针对流感的抗病毒药物处方很低（51％至57％，早期治疗的处方率为47％至55％），并在2014年和2015年增加至89％（5，8 ）。入院当天开始抗病毒治疗已从第一波大流行期间的38％增加到大流行之后的56％（5，8）。相比之下，73％至79％的患者接受了抗菌治疗，入院后的头1至2天接受了93％至95％的治疗，这反映出临床医生比抗生素更不愿意开抗病毒药（6）。