CO₂ conversion to produce useful fuels/chemicals is a promising route for reducing CO₂ emission as well as for exploring the promising energy storage method. To facilitate the research and development of CO₂ conversion, this paper provides a comprehensive overview of CO₂ conversions using advanced materials/nanomaterials and technologies for the production of useful fuels/chemicals. The molecular structure, thermodynamics and kinetics of CO₂ are reviewed for the understanding of fundamentals and explaining why C=O double bonds are difficult to break. The mechanisms and features of various conversion technologies are summarized and classified into enzymatic, mineralization, photochemical/photo-electrochemical, thermochemical as well as electrochemical processes. In particular, by comparing electrochemical conversion technologies at low and high temperatures, CO₂ conversion at intermediate temperatures is emphasized. Furthermore, the economic feasibility for CO₂ utilization is analyzed with cases for the production of various chemicals/fuels. The technical and application challenges of CO₂ conversion into useful fuels/chemicals are also summarized, composing mainly of: insufficient fundamental understanding, low product selectivity, as well as low efficiency and stability. To overcome these challenges, future research directions are proposed in this review.

将CO ₂转化为生产有用的燃料/化学品是减少CO ₂排放以及探索有希望的储能方法的有希望的途径。为了促进CO ₂转化的研究和开发，本文提供了使用先进的材料/纳米材料和用于生产有用燃料/化学品的技术对CO ₂转化的全面概述。CO ₂的分子结构，热力学和动力学进行了综述，以了解基本原理并解释为什么C = O双键难以断裂。总结了各种转化技术的机理和特点，并将其分为酶促，矿化，光化学/光电化学，热化学以及电化学过程。特别地，通过比较低温和高温下的电化学转化技术，强调了中间温度下的CO ₂转化。此外，结合生产各种化学品/燃料的案例分析了利用CO ₂的经济可行性。CO ₂的技术和应用挑战还总结了转化为有用的燃料/化学品的过程，主要包括：对基础的了解不足，产品的选择性低以及效率和稳定性低。为了克服这些挑战，本文提出了未来的研究方向。