Abstract Heterotopic ossification is the abnormal growth of bone tissue formations within soft tissue. A mimicked extracellular matrix of calcified soft tissue based on; gelatin/chitosan/compounded calcium phosphate (Gel:Ch:CCP) hydrogel, is presented to design an ex-vivo model for evaluation of tissue formations in this research. Different ratios of CCP to Gel:Ch were prepared. The control was Gel:Ch at a ratio of 1:1. The other Gel:Ch:CCP ratios were 1:1:0.05, 1:1:0.1, 1:1:0.5, and 1:1:1. The mixtures were prepared into hydrogels by crosslinking with glutaraldehyde. The molecular, structural, and morphological characteristics of the hydrogels were observed by Fourier transform infrared, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. The physical performance was assessed from the swelling behavior as well as calcium released. Biological performance was evaluated by cell viability and proliferation. The results demonstrated that; the molecules, structure and morphology of the hydrogels with CCP self-organized is similar to the extracellular matrix of in situ bone formation. Both the physical and biological performances of the hydrogels could enhance cell viability and proliferation, particularly in Gel:Ch:CCP (1:1:0.1). Finally, the results indicated that the hydrogels with CCP are promising to design extracellular matrix of calcified soft tissue as biomaterials of ex-vivo model for tissue evaluation of heterotopic ossification.

中文翻译：

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基于壳聚糖/明胶/复合磷酸钙水凝胶模拟钙化软组织细胞外基质设计异位骨化离体模型

摘要 异位骨化是软组织内骨组织形成的异常生长。基于的钙化软组织的模拟细胞外基质；明胶/壳聚糖/复合磷酸钙 (Gel:Ch:CCP) 水凝胶被提出来设计用于评估本研究中组织形成的离体模型。制备了不同比例的 CCP 与 Gel:Ch。对照是 Gel:Ch，比例为 1:1。其他凝胶:Ch:CCP 比率为 1:1:0.05、1:1:0.1、1:1:0.5 和 1:1:1。通过与戊二醛交联将混合物制备成水凝胶。分别通过傅里叶变换红外、X 射线衍射和扫描电子显微镜观察了水凝胶的分子、结构和形态特征。根据溶胀行为以及释放的钙来评估物理性能。通过细胞活力和增殖评价生物学性能。结果表明；具有CCP自组织的水凝胶的分子、结构和形态类似于原位骨形成的细胞外基质。水凝胶的物理和生物学性能都可以增强细胞活力和增殖，特别是在 Gel:Ch:CCP (1:1:0.1) 中。最后，结果表明具有 CCP 的水凝胶有望设计钙化软组织的细胞外基质，作为用于异位骨化组织评估的离体模型的生物材料。具有 CCP 自组织的水凝胶的结构和形态类似于原位骨形成的细胞外基质。水凝胶的物理和生物学性能都可以增强细胞活力和增殖，特别是在 Gel:Ch:CCP (1:1:0.1) 中。最后，结果表明具有 CCP 的水凝胶有望设计钙化软组织的细胞外基质，作为用于异位骨化组织评估的离体模型的生物材料。具有 CCP 自组织的水凝胶的结构和形态类似于原位骨形成的细胞外基质。水凝胶的物理和生物学性能都可以增强细胞活力和增殖，特别是在 Gel:Ch:CCP (1:1:0.1) 中。最后，结果表明具有 CCP 的水凝胶有望设计钙化软组织的细胞外基质，作为用于异位骨化组织评估的离体模型的生物材料。