Aspergillus is one of the economically most important fungal genera. Recently, the ICN adopted the single name nomenclature which has forced mycologists to choose one name for fungi (e.g. Aspergillus, Fusarium, Penicillium, etc.). Previously two proposals for the single name nomenclature in Aspergillus were presented: one attributes the name “Aspergillus” to clades comprising seven different teleomorphic names, by supporting the monophyly of this genus; the other proposes that Aspergillus is a non-monophyletic genus, by preserving the Aspergillus name only to species belonging to subgenus Circumdati and maintaining the sexual names in the other clades. The aim of our study was to test the monophyly of Aspergilli by two independent phylogenetic analyses using a multilocus phylogenetic approach. One test was run on the publicly available coding regions of six genes (RPB1, RPB2, Tsr1, Cct8, BenA, CaM), using 96 species of Penicillium, Aspergillus and related taxa. Bayesian (MrBayes) and Ultrafast Maximum Likelihood (IQ-Tree) and Rapid Maximum Likelihood (RaxML) analyses gave the same conclusion highly supporting the monophyly of Aspergillus. The other analyses were also performed by using publicly available data of the coding sequences of nine loci (18S rRNA, 5,8S rRNA, 28S rRNA (D1-D2), RPB1, RPB2, CaM, BenA, Tsr1, Cct8) of 204 different species. Both Bayesian (MrBayes) and Maximum Likelihood (RAxML) trees obtained by this second round of independent analyses strongly supported the monophyly of the genus Aspergillus. The stability test also confirmed the robustness of the results obtained. In conclusion, statistical analyses have rejected the hypothesis that the Aspergilli are non-monophyletic, and provided robust arguments that the genus is monophyletic and clearly separated from the monophyletic genus Penicillium. There is no phylogenetic evidence to split Aspergillus into several genera and the name Aspergillus can be used for all the species belonging to Aspergillus i.e. the clade comprising the subgenera Aspergillus, Circumdati, Fumigati, Nidulantes, section Cremei and certain species which were formerly part of the genera Phialosimplex and Polypaecilum. Section Cremei and the clade containing Polypaecilum and Phialosimplex are proposed as new subgenera of Aspergillus. The phylogenetic analysis also clearly shows that Aspergillus clavatoflavus and A. zonatus do not belong to the genus Aspergillus. Aspergillus clavatoflavus is therefore transferred to a new genus Aspergillago as Aspergillago clavatoflavus and A. zonatus was transferred to Penicilliopsis as P. zonata. The subgenera of Aspergillus share similar extrolite profiles indicating that the genus is one large genus from a chemotaxonomical point of view. Morphological and ecophysiological characteristics of the species also strongly indicate that Aspergillus is a polythetic class in phenotypic characters.

曲霉属是经济上最重要的真菌属之一。最近，ICN 采用单一名称命名法，迫使真菌学家为真菌选择一个名称（例如曲霉属、镰刀菌属、青霉属等）。此前提出了关于曲霉属单一名称命名法的两项提案：一项通过支持该属的单系性，将名称“曲霉”归属于包含七个不同目的性名称的分支；另一种则认为曲霉属是一个非单系属，仅将曲霉属名称保留给属于Circumdati亚属的物种，并保留其他分支中的性名称。我们研究的目的是通过使用多位点系统发育方法的两个独立的系统发育分析来测试曲霉的单系性。一项测试使用 96 种青霉属、曲霉属和相关分类群，对 6 个基因（ RPB1 、 RPB2 、 Tsr1 、 Cct8 、 BenA 、 CaM ）的公开编码区进行了测试。贝叶斯 (MrBayes) 和超快最大似然 (IQ-Tree) 和快速最大似然 (RaxML) 分析给出了相同的结论，高度支持曲霉菌的单系性。其他分析也通过使用 204 个不同基因座的 9 个基因座（18S rRNA、5,8S rRNA、28S rRNA (D1-D2)、 RPB1 、 RPB2 、 CaM 、 BenA 、 Tsr1 、 Cct8 ）的编码序列的公开数据进行。物种。 第二轮独立分析获得的贝叶斯树 (MrBayes) 和最大似然树 (RAxML) 都强烈支持曲霉属的单系性。稳定性测试也证实了所得结果的稳健性。总之，统计分析拒绝了曲霉属非单系的假设，并提供了强有力的论据，证明该属是单系的，并且与单系青霉属明显分开。没有系统发育证据将曲霉属分为几个属，并且曲霉属名称可用于属于曲霉属的所有物种，即包含曲霉亚属、Circumdati、Fumigati、Nidulantes、 Cremei组和某些以前属于曲霉属的分支。瓶霉属和多毛虫属。 Cremei组和含有Polypaecilum和Philosimplex的进化枝被建议作为曲霉属的新亚属。系统发育分析也清楚地表明，曲黄曲霉（Aspergillus clavatoflavus）和佐纳图斯曲霉（A. zonatus）不属于曲霉属。因此，棒黄曲霉被转移到新的曲霉属，称为棒黄曲霉，而A. zonatus被转移到青霉属，称为P. zonata。曲霉属的亚属具有相似的 extrolite 特征，表明从化学分类学的角度来看，该属是一个大属。 该物种的形态学和生态生理学特征也强烈表明曲霉属在表型特征上是一个多形类。