The Tremellomycetes (Basidiomycota) contains a large number of unicellular and dimorphic fungi with stable free-living unicellular states in their life cycles. These fungi have been conventionally classified as basidiomycetous yeasts based on physiological and biochemical characteristics. Many currently recognised genera of these yeasts are mainly defined based on phenotypical characters and are highly polyphyletic. Here we reconstructed the phylogeny of the majority of described anamorphic and teleomorphic tremellomycetous yeasts using Bayesian inference, maximum likelihood, and neighbour-joining analyses based on the sequences of seven genes, including three rRNA genes, namely the small subunit of the ribosomal DNA (rDNA), D1/D2 domains of the large subunit rDNA, and the internal transcribed spacer regions (ITS 1 and 2) of rDNA including 5.8S rDNA; and four protein-coding genes, namely the two subunits of the RNA polymerase II (RPB1 and RPB2), the translation elongation factor 1-α (TEF1) and the mitochondrial gene cytochrome b (CYTB). With the consideration of morphological, physiological and chemotaxonomic characters and the congruence of phylogenies inferred from analyses using different algorithms based on different data sets consisting of the combined seven genes, the three rRNA genes, and the individual protein-coding genes, five major lineages corresponding to the orders Cystofilobasidiales, Filobasidiales, Holtermanniales, Tremellales, and Trichosporonales were resolved. A total of 45 strongly supported monophyletic clades with multiple species and 23 single species clades were recognised. This phylogenetic framework will be the basis for the proposal of an updated taxonomic system of tremellomycetous yeasts that will be compatible with the current taxonomic system of filamentous basidiomycetes accommodating the ‘one fungus, one name’ principle.

银耳菌（Basidiomycota）包含大量单细胞和双态真菌，在其生命周期中具有稳定的自由活动单细胞状态。基于生理和生化特性，这些真菌通常被分类为担子菌酵母。这些酵母的许多目前公认的属主要是根据表型特征来定义的，并且是高度多系的。在这里，我们基于七个基因的序列，包括三个rRNA基因，即核糖体DNA（rDNA）的小亚基，使用七个基因的序列，利用贝叶斯推断，最大似然和邻居加入分析，重构了大多数所述的变形和远形变形菌。 ），rDNA大亚基的D1 / D2结构域以及rDNA的内部转录间隔区（ITS 1和2），包括5。8S rDNA；和四个蛋白质编码基因，即RNA聚合酶II（RPB1和RPB2），翻译延伸因子1-α（TEF1）和线粒体基因细胞色素b（CYTB）。考虑到形态学，生理学和化学分类学特征以及系统发育分析的一致性，这些分析是基于由七个基因，三个rRNA基因和单个蛋白质编码基因组合而成的不同数据集，使用不同算法进行分析得出的，这五个主要谱系对应依次解决了丝囊丝虫病，丝虫丝病，Holtermanniales，银耳病和Trichosporonales的问题。总共识别出45种具有多种物种的强支撑单系进化枝和23种单物种进化枝。该系统发育框架将是提议的更新的银耳病菌分类系统的基础，该系统将与适应“一菌一名”原则的丝状担子菌的当前分类系统兼容。