Liquid bio-oil formed from pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass needs further upgradation by CC bond formation reaction between the phenolic compounds and small oxygenates to retain the maximum amount of carbon in the fuel range (C₁₀C₁₃), prior to hydrodeoxygenation step. In this contribution, we have explored the gas-phase alkylation of m-cresol with iso-propanol over zeolites like HZSM5, HBEA, HMCM22, HY, and ZnY solid acid catalysts. The fresh and spent catalysts were characterized by XRD, N₂ sorption, ICP-MS, Py-FTIR, NH₃-TPD, SEM, and TEM techniques. The time-on-stream and temperature studies were carried out over these catalysts at a WHSV value of 2.8 h⁻¹ to analyze the role of different active acidic sites as well as their pore dimensions on the catalytic activity and product distribution. Among all the catalysts, formation of thymol by C-alkylation was highly dominant over ZnY which has strong Lewis acid sites. Coke analysis revealed that HBEA was found to rapidly deactivate by coking (16.4% coke) and pore blocking. Time-on-stream study at 250 °C showed that maximum conversion of m-cresol (92%) was obtained on fresh ZnY catalyst having strong Lewis acidity and moderate Bronsted acidity, confirming the fact that strong Lewis acidity in combination with Bronsted acidity improved the stability of iso-propyl cation and consequently, enhanced the conversion of m-cresol. Moreover, the presence of Zn²⁺ content in FAU zeolite framework was found to alter its acid site distribution and pore volume as compared to HY zeolite and resulted in predominant mono-alkylated product formation, especially thymol.

由木质纤维素生物质热解形成的液态生物油需要通过加氢脱氧步骤之前酚类化合物与少量含氧化合物之间的C C键形成反应进一步升级，以将最大量的碳保留在燃料范围内（C ₁₀ C ₁₃）。在此贡献中，我们已经探索的气相烷基化间与甲酚异丙醇在像HZSM5，HBEA，HMCM22，HY，并且ZNY固体酸催化剂的沸石。通过XRD，N ₂吸附，ICP-MS，Py-FTIR，NH ₃ -TPD，SEM和TEM技术对新鲜和废催化剂进行了表征。在WHSV值为2.8 h的条件下对这些催化剂进行了运行时间和温度研究^-1分析不同的活性酸性位点及其孔尺寸对催化活性和产物分布的作用。在所有催化剂中，与具有强路易斯酸位点的ZnY相比，通过C-烷基化形成百里香酚的占优势。焦炭分析显示，发现HBEA通过焦化（16.4％的焦炭）和孔堵塞而迅速失活。在250°C下进行的时间流研究表明，在具有强路易斯酸度和中等布朗斯台德酸度的新鲜ZnY催化剂上，间甲酚的最大转化率（92％）得到了证实，证实了强路易斯酸度与布朗斯台德酸度相结合的事实。的稳定性异-丙基阳离子，因此，增强的转化米-甲酚 而且，发现与HY沸石相比，FAU沸石骨架中Zn ²⁺含量的存在改变了其酸位分布和孔体积，并导致主要的单烷基化产物形成，特别是百里酚。