A method for the synthesis of encapsulated palladium nanoparticles of size to 5 nm in the pores of specially prepared supports, which are polymer networks based on poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) and poly(propylene imine) (PPI) dendrimers, is proposed. It was found that particle size distributions, as well as catalytic activity and selectivity of the resulting materials in hydrogenation of unsaturated compounds significantly depend on the structure features of the support (nature and generation of dendrimer, size and rigidity of a crosslinking agent, and the use of a template in the synthesis). The best values of specific activity were achieved for styrene (86,000 h⁻¹), phenylacetylene (103,700 h⁻¹) and 1,3-cyclohexadiene (65,000 h⁻¹). It was established that the catalysts based on PAMAM dendrimers, synthesized in the presence of template, were superior to their analogues, synthesized without template, in terms of activity. An inverse relationship was observed for catalysts, based on PPI dendrimers, for all substrates with the exception of phenylacetylene. The catalysts based on palladium nanoparticles, encapsulated into dendrimer networks, can be repeatedly used without a noticeable loss of activity.

提出了一种在特殊制备的载体的孔中合成尺寸为5 nm的封装钯纳米颗粒的方法，该载体是基于聚（酰胺基胺）（PAMAM）和聚（丙烯亚胺）（PPI）树状聚合物的聚合物网络。发现在不饱和化合物的氢化中粒径分布以及所得材料的催化活性和选择性在很大程度上取决于载体的结构特征（树枝状聚合物的性质和生成，交联剂的尺寸和刚性，以及在合成中使用模板）。苯乙烯（86,000 h ^-1），苯乙炔（103,700 h ^-1）和1,3-环己二烯（65,000 h ^-1）达到了最佳的比活值）。已经确定，在模板存在下合成的基于PAMAM树枝状聚合物的催化剂在活性方面优于在没有模板的情况下合成的类似物。对于基于PPI树枝状聚合物的催化剂，除苯乙炔外，所有底物均观察到相反的关系。封装在树枝状聚合物网络中的基于钯纳米粒子的催化剂可以重复使用，而不会明显降低活性。