Infectious diseases dynamics are affected by both spatial and temporal heterogeneity in their environments. Our ability to quantify and predict how this heterogeneity impacts risks of infection and disease emergence is the key to successful disease prevention efforts. Here, we review the literature on infectious diseases from human, agricultural, and wildlife ecosystems to describe the rapid ecological and evolutionary responses in pathogens to environmental heterogeneity, with expected impacts on their epidemiology. To date, the underlying network structures through which disease transmission proceeds have been notoriously difficult to quantify because of this variation. We show that with recent advances in statistical methods and genomic approaches, it is now more feasible than ever to trace disease transmission networks, the molecular underpinning of infection, and the environmental variation relevant to disease dynamics. We end by identifying major new opportunities and challenges in understanding dis...

中文翻译：

---

异质景观中的传染病动态

传染病动态受到其环境中空间和时间异质性的影响。我们量化和预测这种异质性如何影响感染和疾病出现风险的能力是成功预防疾病的关键。在这里，我们回顾了人类、农业和野生动物生态系统中有关传染病的文献，以描述病原体对环境异质性的快速生态和进化反应，以及对其流行病学的预期影响。迄今为止，由于这种变异，疾病传播的潜在网络结构一直难以量化。我们表明，随着统计方法和基因组方法的最新进展，现在追踪疾病传播网络比以往任何时候都更加可行，感染的分子基础，以及与疾病动态相关的环境变化。我们最后确定了在理解差异方面的重大新机遇和挑战...