Nonmarine molluscs are the major animal group with the greatest number of recorded extinctions due to anthropogenic impacts, and that number is certainly a serious underestimate. Land snails, particularly endemic land snails of oceanic islands, are the group of molluscs that have sustained the most extinctions. Understanding their ecology and the evolutionary processes that have led to their extreme vulnerability is crucial if we are to be able to conserve these diverse and important species. Oceanic island snails tend to have low α-diversity and high β-diversity, and divergence of habitat use among related species is known to occur in some radiations of land snails on oceanic islands. Processes of speciation and ecological interaction are possible major drivers of these patterns. The ecological opportunities available at the initial stage of insular evolution and the scarcity of effective predators may have led to divergence of habitat use and high β-diversity in oceanic island snails. Fewer and less div...

中文翻译：

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大洋岛陆螺的进化与灭绝

非海洋软体动物是记录到因人为影响而灭绝次数最多的主要动物群，而这个数字肯定被严重低估了。陆地蜗牛，尤其是大洋岛屿特有的陆地蜗牛，是遭受灭绝最多的软体动物群。如果我们要能够保护这些多样化和重要的物种，了解它们的生态和导致它们极度脆弱的进化过程至关重要。大洋岛蜗牛的α-多样性低而β-多样性高，已知在大洋岛陆蜗牛的某些辐射中会出现相关物种之间栖息地利用的差异。物种形成和生态相互作用的过程可能是这些模式的主要驱动因素。在岛屿进化的初始阶段可用的生态机会和有效捕食者的稀缺可能导致栖息地利用的差异和海洋岛蜗牛的高β多样性。越来越少的分...